MIDISynth never received RPN 0, so it kept the GM default of ±2 semitones while the sample, radio and GM voices bent ±2 octaves: the wheel was a small wobble on most instruments. One constant (bendRangeOctaves) now sets the span; MIDISynth, plugin instruments and external receivers are told ±24 semitones and a full-scale bend maps onto it. A hardware wheel keeps ±1 octave, now on every voice. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>