Something went wrong. Try again.
A Tour of C++ for experienced programmers, as if C++26 is the only version that ever existed.
Something went wrong. Try again.
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465/* Base styles and content styles */
:root { /* Browser default font-size is 16px, this way 1 rem = 10px */ font-size: 62.5%; color-scheme: var(--color-scheme);}
html { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: var(--fg); background-color: var(--bg); text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none;}
body { margin: 0; font-size: 1.6rem; overflow-x: hidden;}
code { font-family: var(--mono-font) !important; font-size: var(--code-font-size); direction: ltr !important;}
/* make long words/inline code not x overflow */main { overflow-wrap: break-word;}
/* make wide tables scroll if they overflow */.table-wrapper { overflow-x: auto;}
/* Don't change font size in headers. */h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { font-size: unset;}
.left { float: left; }.right { float: right; }.boring { opacity: 0.6; }.hide-boring .boring { display: none; }.hidden { display: none !important; }
h2, h3 { margin-block-start: 2.5em; }h4, h5 { margin-block-start: 2em; }
.header + .header h3,.header + .header h4,.header + .header h5 { margin-block-start: 1em;}
h1:target::before,h2:target::before,h3:target::before,h4:target::before,h5:target::before,h6:target::before,dt:target::before { display: inline-block; content: "»"; margin-inline-start: -30px; width: 30px;}
/* This is broken on Safari as of version 14, but is fixed in Safari Technology Preview 117 which I think will be Safari 14.2. https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218076*/:target { /* Safari does not support logical properties */ scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--menu-bar-height) + 0.5em);}
.page { outline: 0; padding: 0 var(--page-padding); margin-block-start: calc(0px - var(--menu-bar-height)); /* Compensate for the #mdbook-menu-bar-hover-placeholder */}.page-wrapper { box-sizing: border-box; background-color: var(--bg);}html:not(.js) .page-wrapper,.js:not(.sidebar-resizing) .page-wrapper { transition: margin-left 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease; /* Animation: slide away */}[dir=rtl]:not(.js) .page-wrapper,[dir=rtl].js:not(.sidebar-resizing) .page-wrapper { transition: margin-right 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease; /* Animation: slide away */}
.content { overflow-y: auto; padding: 0 5px 50px 5px;}.content main { margin-inline-start: auto; margin-inline-end: auto; max-width: var(--content-max-width);}.content p { line-height: 1.45em; }.content ol { line-height: 1.45em; }.content ul { line-height: 1.45em; }.content a { text-decoration: none; }.content a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }.content img, .content video { max-width: 100%; }/* When an image is inside an anchor, ensure the focus ring covers the entire image instead of the anchor's line box. */.content a:has(img) { display: inline-block; }.content .header:link,.content .header:visited { color: var(--fg);}.content .header:link,.content .header:visited:hover { text-decoration: none;}
table { margin: 0 auto; border-collapse: collapse;}table td { padding: 3px 20px; border: 1px var(--table-border-color) solid;}table thead { background: var(--table-header-bg);}table thead td { font-weight: 700; border: none;}table thead th { padding: 3px 20px;}table thead tr { border: 1px var(--table-header-bg) solid;}/* Alternate background colors for rows */table tbody tr:nth-child(2n) { background: var(--table-alternate-bg);}
blockquote { margin: 20px 0; padding: 0 20px; color: var(--fg); background-color: var(--quote-bg); border-block-start: .1em solid var(--quote-border); border-block-end: .1em solid var(--quote-border);}
/* TODO: Remove .warning in a future version of mdbook, it is replaced byblockquote tags. */.warning { margin: 20px; padding: 0 20px; border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--warning-border);}
.warning:before { position: absolute; width: 3rem; height: 3rem; margin-inline-start: calc(-1.5rem - 21px); content: "ⓘ"; text-align: center; background-color: var(--bg); color: var(--warning-border); font-weight: bold; font-size: 2rem;}
blockquote .warning:before { background-color: var(--quote-bg);}
kbd { background-color: var(--table-border-color); border-radius: 4px; border: solid 1px var(--theme-popup-border); box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 var(--theme-hover); display: inline-block; font-size: var(--code-font-size); font-family: var(--mono-font); line-height: 10px; padding: 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;}
sup { /* Set the line-height for superscript and footnote references so that there isn't an awkward space appearing above lines that contain the footnote.
See https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/pull/2443#discussion_r1813773583 for an explanation. */ line-height: 0;}
.footnote-definition { font-size: 0.9em;}/* The default spacing for a list is a little too large. */.footnote-definition ul,.footnote-definition ol { padding-left: 20px;}.footnote-definition > li { /* Required to position the ::before target */ position: relative;}.footnote-definition > li:target { scroll-margin-top: 50vh;}.footnote-reference:target { scroll-margin-top: 50vh;}/* Draws a border around the footnote (including the marker) when it is selected. TODO: If there are multiple linkbacks, highlight which one you just came from so you know which one to click.*/.footnote-definition > li:target::before { border: 2px solid var(--footnote-highlight); border-radius: 6px; position: absolute; top: -8px; right: -8px; bottom: -8px; left: -32px; pointer-events: none; content: "";}/* Pulses the footnote reference so you can quickly see where you left off reading. This could use some improvement.*/@media not (prefers-reduced-motion) { .footnote-reference:target { animation: fn-highlight 0.8s; border-radius: 2px; }
@keyframes fn-highlight { from { background-color: var(--footnote-highlight); } }}
.tooltiptext { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; color: #fff; background-color: #333; transform: translateX(-50%); /* Center by moving tooltip 50% of its width left */ left: -8px; /* Half of the width of the icon */ top: -35px; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; border-radius: 6px; padding: 5px 8px; margin: 5px; z-index: 1000;}.tooltipped .tooltiptext { visibility: visible;}
.chapter li.part-title { color: var(--sidebar-fg); margin: 5px 0px; font-weight: bold;}
.result-no-output { font-style: italic;}
.fa-svg svg { width: 1em; height: 1em; fill: currentColor; margin-bottom: -0.1em;}
dt { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em;}
/* This uses a CSS counter to add numbers to definitions, but only if there is more than one definition. */dl, dt { counter-reset: dd-counter;}
/* When there is more than one definition, increment the counter. The firstselector selects the first definition, and the second one selects definitions2 and beyond.*/dd:has(+ dd), dd + dd { counter-increment: dd-counter; /* Use flex display to help with positioning the numbers when there is a p tag inside the definition. */ display: flex; align-items: flex-start;}
/* Shows the counter for definitions. The first selector selects the firstdefinition, and the second one selections definitions 2 and beyond.*/dd:has(+ dd)::before, dd + dd::before { content: counter(dd-counter) ". "; font-weight: 600; display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;}
dd > p { /* For loose definitions that have a p tag inside, don't add a bunch of space before the definition. */ margin-top: 0;}
/* Remove some excess space from the bottom. */.blockquote-tag p:last-child { margin-bottom: 2px;}
.blockquote-tag { /* Add some padding to make the vertical bar a little taller than the text.*/ padding: 2px 0px 2px 20px; /* Add a solid color bar on the left side. */ border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 4px; /* Disable the background color from normal blockquotes . */ background-color: inherit; /* Disable border blocks from blockquotes. */ border-block-start: none; border-block-end: none;}
.blockquote-tag-title svg { fill: currentColor; /* Add space between the icon and the title. */ margin-right: 8px;}
.blockquote-tag-note { border-inline-start-color: var(--blockquote-note-color);}
.blockquote-tag-tip { border-inline-start-color: var(--blockquote-tip-color);}
.blockquote-tag-important { border-inline-start-color: var(--blockquote-important-color);}
.blockquote-tag-warning { border-inline-start-color: var(--blockquote-warning-color);}
.blockquote-tag-caution { border-inline-start-color: var(--blockquote-caution-color);}
.blockquote-tag-note > .blockquote-tag-title { color: var(--blockquote-note-color);}
.blockquote-tag-tip > .blockquote-tag-title { color: var(--blockquote-tip-color);}
.blockquote-tag-important > .blockquote-tag-title { color: var(--blockquote-important-color);}
.blockquote-tag-warning > .blockquote-tag-title { color: var(--blockquote-warning-color);}
.blockquote-tag-caution > .blockquote-tag-title { color: var(--blockquote-caution-color);}
.blockquote-tag-title { /* Slightly increase the weight for more emphasis. */ font-weight: 600; /* Vertically center the icon with the text. */ display: flex; align-items: center; /* Remove default large margins for a more compact display. */ margin: 2px 0 8px 0;}
.blockquote-tag-title .fa-svg { fill: currentColor; /* Add some space between the icon and the text. */ margin-right: 8px;}
/* All this code is to handle the "zoomable" images feature. */
/* This one makes the checkbox invisible while keeping it selectable with the keyboard (with the "tab" key). */.content .checkbox-img { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;}/* When the input is focused, we make it appear to the user by adding an outline to the img instead */.content .checkbox-img:focus + img { outline: auto;}/* The "zoomed-in" image is not displayed until the checkbox is "ticked". */.content .checkbox-img:not(:checked) ~ .img-wrapper { display: none;}.content .checkbox-label { display: block; max-width: 100%;}.content .checkbox-label img { cursor: zoom-in;}.content .checkbox-img:checked ~ .img-wrapper { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); z-index: 1001; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; cursor: zoom-out;}.content .checkbox-img:checked ~ .img-wrapper > img { --img-padding: 5px; padding: var(--img-padding); background: #999; cursor: zoom-out; max-width: calc(100% - (var(--img-padding) * 2)); max-height: calc(100% - (var(--img-padding) * 2));}