diff --git a/packages/browser/src/node/plugin.ts b/packages/browser/src/node/plugin.ts
index 546025a3b..40f112a43 100644
--- a/packages/browser/src/node/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/browser/src/node/plugin.ts
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ export default (contribution: BrowserServerContribution): Plugin[] => {
     }),
     {
       name: 'vitest:browser:in-source-tests',
+      // runs after `vitest:mocks`, so hoisted mocks can read `import.meta.vitest`
+      enforce: 'post',
       transform: {
         filter: {
           code: /import\.meta\.vitest/,
diff --git a/packages/mocker/src/node/esmWalker.ts b/packages/mocker/src/node/esmWalker.ts
index 5da116577..24edb7c80 100644
--- a/packages/mocker/src/node/esmWalker.ts
+++ b/packages/mocker/src/node/esmWalker.ts
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ interface Visitors {
   onIdentifier?: (node: Positioned<Identifier>, info: IdentifierInfo, parentStack: Node[]) => void
   onImportMeta?: (node: Positioned<MetaProperty>) => void
   onDynamicImport?: (node: Positioned<ImportExpression>) => void
-  onCallExpression?: (node: Positioned<CallExpression>) => void
+  onCallExpression?: (node: Positioned<CallExpression>, parentStack: Node[]) => void
 }
 
 const isNodeInPatternWeakSet = new WeakSet<_Node>()
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ export function esmWalker(
       }
 
       if (node.type === 'CallExpression') {
-        onCallExpression?.(node as Positioned<CallExpression>)
+        onCallExpression?.(node as Positioned<CallExpression>, parentStack)
       }
 
       if (node.type === 'MetaProperty' && node.meta.name === 'import') {
diff --git a/packages/mocker/src/node/hoistMocks.ts b/packages/mocker/src/node/hoistMocks.ts
index d2773aa19..13a847eeb 100644
--- a/packages/mocker/src/node/hoistMocks.ts
+++ b/packages/mocker/src/node/hoistMocks.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import type {
   ArrowFunctionExpression,
   AwaitExpression,
+  BlockStatement,
   CallExpression,
   ExportDefaultDeclaration,
   ExportNamedDeclaration,
   Expression,
   FunctionExpression,
   Identifier,
+  IfStatement,
   ImportDeclaration,
   SpreadElement,
   VariableDeclaration,
@@ -256,17 +258,38 @@ export function hoistMocks(
     }
   }
 
+  function isImportMetaVitestCheck(node: Node): node is Positioned<IfStatement> {
+    if (node.type !== 'IfStatement') {
+      return false
+    }
+    const test = node.test as Positioned<Expression>
+    return code.slice(test.start, test.end) === 'import.meta.vitest'
+  }
+
+  const hoistConditions = new Map<Node, string>()
+  const inSourceBlocks = new Set<BlockStatement>()
+
+  // in-source `vi.mock` and `vi.hoisted` run only when their file is the test file
+  function addHoistedNode(
+    node: Positioned<CallExpression | VariableDeclaration | AwaitExpression>,
+    parentStack: Node[],
+  ) {
+    hoistedNodes.add(node)
+    const guard = parentStack.find(isImportMetaVitestCheck)
+    if (guard) {
+      const test = guard.test as Positioned<Expression>
+      // copied because the native loader rewrites `import.meta.vitest`
+      hoistConditions.set(node, s.slice(test.start, test.end))
+      if (guard.consequent.type === 'BlockStatement') {
+        inSourceBlocks.add(guard.consequent)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   const usedUtilityExports = new Set<string>()
-  let hasImportMetaVitest = false
   let hasMockApiCall = false
 
   esmWalker(ast, {
-    onImportMeta(node) {
-      const property = code.slice(node.end, node.end + 7) // '.vitest'.length
-      if (property === '.vitest') {
-        hasImportMetaVitest = true
-      }
-    },
     onIdentifier(id, info, parentStack) {
       const binding = idToImportMap.get(id.name)
       if (!binding) {
@@ -307,7 +330,7 @@ export function hoistMocks(
       // )
       // s.overwrite(node.end - 1, node.end, '))')
     },
-    onCallExpression(node) {
+    onCallExpression(node, parentStack) {
       if (
         node.callee.type === 'MemberExpression' &&
         isIdentifier(node.callee.object) &&
@@ -373,7 +396,7 @@ export function hoistMocks(
               s.overwrite(moduleInfo.start, moduleInfo.end, s.slice(source.start, source.end))
             }
           }
-          hoistedNodes.add(node)
+          addHoistedNode(node, parentStack)
         }
         // vi.doMock(import('./path')) -> vi.doMock('./path')
         // vi.doMock(await import('./path')) -> vi.doMock('./path')
@@ -421,14 +444,14 @@ export function hoistMocks(
               'Cannot export hoisted variable. You can control hoisting behavior by placing the import from this file first.',
             )
             // hoist "const variable = vi.hoisted(() => {})"
-            hoistedNodes.add(declarationNode)
+            addHoistedNode(declarationNode, parentStack)
           } else {
             const awaitedExpression = findNodeAround(ast, node.start, 'AwaitExpression')?.node as
               | Positioned<AwaitExpression>
               | undefined
             // hoist "await vi.hoisted(async () => {})" or "vi.hoisted(() => {})"
             const moveNode = awaitedExpression?.argument === node ? awaitedExpression : node
-            hoistedNodes.add(moveNode)
+            addHoistedNode(moveNode, parentStack)
           }
         }
       }
@@ -503,45 +526,57 @@ export function hoistMocks(
     }
   }
 
-  // validate that hoisted nodes are defined on the top level
-  // ignore `import.meta.vitest` because it needs to be inside an IfStatement
-  // and it can be used anywhere in the code (inside methods too)
-  if (!hasImportMetaVitest) {
-    for (const node of ast.body as Node[]) {
-      hoistedNodes.delete(node as any)
-      if (node.type === 'ExpressionStatement') {
-        hoistedNodes.delete(node.expression as any)
-      }
+  // validate that hoisted nodes are defined on the top level of the module
+  // or of an `if (import.meta.vitest)` block
+  const topLevelNodes: Node[] = [
+    ...ast.body,
+    ...Array.from(inSourceBlocks).flatMap((block) => block.body as Node[]),
+  ]
+  for (const node of topLevelNodes) {
+    hoistedNodes.delete(node as any)
+    if (node.type === 'ExpressionStatement') {
+      hoistedNodes.delete(node.expression as any)
     }
+  }
 
-    if (hoistedNodes.size) {
-      const locations = createIndexLocationsMap(code)
-      const map = options.getMap && new TraceMap(options.getMap() as any)
-      const plural = hoistedNodes.size > 1
-      const message = [
-        `${hoistedNodes.size} call${plural ? 's' : ''} in "${relative(options.root || process.cwd(), id)}" ${plural ? 'were' : 'was'} defined outside of the module's top level scope:`,
-        '',
-        ...Array.from(hoistedNodes, (invalidNode) => {
-          const currentLocation = locations.get(invalidNode.start)
-          const originalLocation =
-            map && currentLocation && originalPositionFor(map, currentLocation)
-          const location =
-            originalLocation?.column != null && originalLocation?.line != null
-              ? ` at ${relative(options.root || process.cwd(), id)}:${originalLocation.line}:${originalLocation.column + 1}`
-              : ''
-          return `- ${getNodeName(getNodeCall(invalidNode))}${location}`
-        }),
-        '',
-        `Although ${plural ? 'they appear nested, they' : 'it appears nested, it'} will be hoisted and executed before anything in this file. Move ${plural ? 'them' : 'it'} to the top level to reflect ${plural ? 'their' : 'its'} actual execution order.`,
-        'See: https://vitest.dev/guide/mocking/modules#how-it-works',
-      ].join('\n')
-      throw new Error(message)
-    }
+  if (hoistedNodes.size) {
+    const locations = createIndexLocationsMap(code)
+    const map = options.getMap && new TraceMap(options.getMap() as any)
+    const plural = hoistedNodes.size > 1
+    const topLevel = inSourceBlocks.size
+      ? 'the top level of the `if (import.meta.vitest)` block'
+      : 'the top level'
+    const message = [
+      `${hoistedNodes.size} call${plural ? 's' : ''} in "${relative(options.root || process.cwd(), id)}" ${plural ? 'were' : 'was'} defined outside of the module's top level scope:`,
+      '',
+      ...Array.from(hoistedNodes, (invalidNode) => {
+        const currentLocation = locations.get(invalidNode.start)
+        const originalLocation = map && currentLocation && originalPositionFor(map, currentLocation)
+        const location =
+          originalLocation?.column != null && originalLocation?.line != null
+            ? ` at ${relative(options.root || process.cwd(), id)}:${originalLocation.line}:${originalLocation.column + 1}`
+            : ''
+        return `- ${getNodeName(getNodeCall(invalidNode))}${location}`
+      }),
+      '',
+      `Although ${plural ? 'they appear nested, they' : 'it appears nested, it'} will be hoisted and executed before anything in this file. Move ${plural ? 'them' : 'it'} to ${topLevel} to reflect ${plural ? 'their' : 'its'} actual execution order.`,
+      'See: https://vitest.dev/guide/mocking/modules#how-it-works',
+    ].join('\n')
+    throw new Error(message)
   }
 
   // hoist vi.mock/vi.hoisted
   for (const node of arrayNodes) {
     const end = getNodeTail(code, node)
+    const condition = hoistConditions.get(node)
+    if (condition) {
+      // `var` keeps the declared names visible outside of the `if` block
+      if (node.type === 'VariableDeclaration') {
+        s.update(node.start, node.start + node.kind.length, 'var')
+      }
+      s.prependRight(node.start, `if (${condition}) { `)
+      s.appendLeft(node.end, ' }')
+    }
     // don't hoist into itself if it's already at the top
     if (hoistIndex === end || hoistIndex === node.start) {
       hoistIndex = end
diff --git a/test/e2e/test/mocking.test.ts b/test/e2e/test/mocking.test.ts
index b79b3abb7..2784652ca 100644
--- a/test/e2e/test/mocking.test.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/test/mocking.test.ts
@@ -371,6 +371,56 @@ test('mock works without loading original', () => {
   },
 )
 
+// https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/issues/8653
+test.for(['node', 'playwright'])(
+  'in-source vi.mock applies only when its file is the test file (%s)',
+  async (mode) => {
+    const { stderr, errorTree } = await runInlineTests(
+      {
+        './src/name.js': `export const getName = () => 'original'`,
+        './src/b.js': `
+import { getName } from './name.js'
+export const greet = () => 'hello, ' + getName()
+
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { test, expect, vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({ getName: vi.fn(() => 'b') }))
+  vi.mock('./name.js', () => mocks)
+  test('b mocks name.js', () => {
+    expect(greet()).toBe('hello, b')
+    expect(mocks.getName).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+}
+    `,
+        './src/a.js': `
+import { greet } from './b.js'
+
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { test, expect, vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  vi.mock('./name.js', () => ({ getName: () => 'a' }))
+  test('imported b does not mock name.js', () => {
+    expect(greet()).toBe('hello, a')
+  })
+}
+    `,
+      },
+      { ...modeToConfig(mode), includeSource: ['src/*.js'] },
+    )
+
+    expect(stderr).toBe('')
+    expect(errorTree()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      {
+        "src/a.js": {
+          "imported b does not mock name.js": "passed",
+        },
+        "src/b.js": {
+          "b mocks name.js": "passed",
+        },
+      }
+    `)
+  },
+)
+
 test('doMock/doUnmock ordering is preserved in resolveMocks', async () => {
   // This tests repeats doUnmock + doMock
   //   vi.doUnmock('/mock-lib-0');
diff --git a/test/e2e/test/no-module-runner.test.ts b/test/e2e/test/no-module-runner.test.ts
index 729ab787b..061e336f5 100644
--- a/test/e2e/test/no-module-runner.test.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/test/no-module-runner.test.ts
@@ -449,6 +449,42 @@ test('add is only once', () => {
     `)
   })
 
+  test('in-source vi.hoisted and vi.mock work', async () => {
+    const { stderr, testTree } = await runNoViteModuleRunnerTests(
+      {
+        'name.js': `export const getName = () => 'original'`,
+        'in-source.js': /* js */ `
+import { getName } from './name.js'
+
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { test, expect, vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({ getName: vi.fn(() => 'mocked') }))
+  vi.mock('./name.js', () => mocks)
+  test('mocks name.js', () => {
+    expect(getName()).toBe('mocked')
+    expect(mocks.getName).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+}
+    `,
+        'package.json': JSON.stringify({
+          name: '@test/native-in-source-mock',
+          type: 'module',
+        }),
+      },
+      {
+        includeSource: ['./in-source.js'],
+      },
+    )
+    expect(stderr).toBe('')
+    expect(testTree()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      {
+        "in-source.js": {
+          "mocks name.js": "passed",
+        },
+      }
+    `)
+  })
+
   test('cannot import JS file without extension in ESM', async () => {
     const { stderr, root } = await runNoViteModuleRunnerTests({
       'add.js': /* js */ `
diff --git a/test/unit/test/injector-mock.test.ts b/test/unit/test/injector-mock.test.ts
index 3192ed763..503a6b087 100644
--- a/test/unit/test/injector-mock.test.ts
+++ b/test/unit/test/injector-mock.test.ts
@@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@ if (import.meta.vitest) {
       `),
     ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
         "import { vi } from "vitest"
-        vi.mock('faker')
+        if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.mock('faker') }
         const __vi_import_0__ = await import("./calc");
 
 
@@ -1491,6 +1491,141 @@ if (import.meta.vitest) {
       `)
   })
 
+  test('keeps the import.meta.vitest check for hoisted calls', () => {
+    expect(
+      hoistSimpleCode(`
+import { getName } from './name'
+
+export const greet = () => getName()
+
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { test, expect, vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({ getName: vi.fn() }))
+  vi.mock('./name', () => mocks)
+  vi.unmock('./unmocked')
+  test('greet', () => {
+    expect(greet()).toBe(undefined)
+  })
+}
+      `),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "import { vi } from "vitest"
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({ getName: vi.fn() })) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.mock('./name', () => mocks) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.unmock('./unmocked') }
+      const __vi_import_0__ = await import("./name");
+
+
+
+      export const greet = () => __vi_import_0__.getName()
+
+      if (import.meta.vitest) {
+        const { test, expect, vi } = import.meta.vitest
+              test('greet', () => {
+          expect(greet()).toBe(undefined)
+        })
+      }"
+    `)
+  })
+
+  test('keeps the import.meta.vitest check for vi.hoisted declarations', () => {
+    expect(
+      hoistSimpleCode(`
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  const getName = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn())
+  let getAge = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn())
+  var getRole = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn())
+  vi.mock('./user', () => ({ getName, getAge, getRole }))
+}
+      `),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "import { vi } from "vitest"
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var getName = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn()) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var getAge = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn()) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var getRole = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn()) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.mock('./user', () => ({ getName, getAge, getRole })) }
+
+      if (import.meta.vitest) {
+        const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+              }"
+    `)
+  })
+
+  test('keeps the import.meta.vitest check for destructured vi.hoisted declarations', () => {
+    expect(
+      hoistSimpleCode(`
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  const { getName, ...user } = vi.hoisted(() => ({ getName: vi.fn(), age: 42 }))
+  const [getAge, getRole = vi.fn()] = vi.hoisted(() => [vi.fn()])
+  const { session: { token } } = vi.hoisted(() => ({ session: { token: 'secret' } }))
+  vi.mock('./user', () => ({ getName, getAge, getRole, user, token }))
+}
+      `),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "import { vi } from "vitest"
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var { getName, ...user } = vi.hoisted(() => ({ getName: vi.fn(), age: 42 })) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var [getAge, getRole = vi.fn()] = vi.hoisted(() => [vi.fn()]) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var { session: { token } } = vi.hoisted(() => ({ session: { token: 'secret' } })) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.mock('./user', () => ({ getName, getAge, getRole, user, token })) }
+
+      if (import.meta.vitest) {
+        const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+              }"
+    `)
+  })
+
+  test('keeps the import.meta.vitest check for awaited vi.hoisted declarations', () => {
+    expect(
+      hoistSimpleCode(`
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  const { user } = await vi.hoisted(async () => {
+    const { default: user } = await import('./fixtures/user')
+    return { user }
+  })
+  vi.mock('./user', () => ({ getUser: () => user }))
+}
+      `),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "import { vi } from "vitest"
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { var { user } = await vi.hoisted(async () => {
+          const { default: user } = await import('./fixtures/user')
+          return { user }
+        }) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.mock('./user', () => ({ getUser: () => user })) }
+
+      if (import.meta.vitest) {
+        const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+          }"
+    `)
+  })
+
+  test('keeps the import.meta.vitest check for vi.hoisted without a declaration', () => {
+    expect(
+      hoistSimpleCode(`
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  vi.hoisted(() => {
+    process.env.API_URL = 'http://localhost'
+  })
+  await vi.hoisted(() => import('./polyfills'))
+}
+      `),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "import { vi } from "vitest"
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.hoisted(() => {
+          process.env.API_URL = 'http://localhost'
+        }) }
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { await vi.hoisted(() => import('./polyfills')) }
+
+      if (import.meta.vitest) {
+        const { vi } = import.meta.vitest
+          }"
+    `)
+  })
+
   test('injects an error if a utility import is imported from an external module', () => {
     expect(
       hoistSimpleCode(`
@@ -1750,7 +1885,34 @@ describe("some suite", () => {
     `)
   })
 
-  it('ignores vi.mock position if import.meta.vitest is present', ({ onTestFinished }) => {
+  it('shows an error when hoisted methods are nested inside an import.meta.vitest block', () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      hoistSimpleCode(`
+import { getName } from './name'
+
+export const greet = () => getName()
+
+if (import.meta.vitest) {
+  const { test, expect, vi } = import.meta.vitest
+  test('greet', () => {
+    vi.mock('./name', () => ({ getName: () => 'mocked' }))
+    expect(greet()).toBe('mocked')
+  })
+}
+      `),
+    ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+      [Error: 1 call in "test.js" was defined outside of the module's top level scope:
+
+      - vi.mock('./name')
+
+      Although it appears nested, it will be hoisted and executed before anything in this file. Move it to the top level of the \`if (import.meta.vitest)\` block to reflect its actual execution order.
+      See: https://vitest.dev/guide/mocking/modules#how-it-works]
+    `)
+  })
+
+  it('allows hoisted methods on the top level of an import.meta.vitest block', ({
+    onTestFinished,
+  }) => {
     const warn = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {})
     onTestFinished(() => warn.mockRestore())
     const result = hoistSimpleCode(`
@@ -1760,7 +1922,7 @@ if (import.meta.vitest) {
       `)
     expect(result).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       "import { vi } from "vitest"
-      vi.mock('./hello-world-1')
+      if (import.meta.vitest) { vi.mock('./hello-world-1') }
 
       if (import.meta.vitest) {
         }"