diff --git a/include/esm/exports.h b/include/esm/exports.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce40008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/esm/exports.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef ESM_EXPORTS_H
+#define ESM_EXPORTS_H
+
+#include "types.h"
+#include "silver/ast.h"
+
+void esm_predeclare_exports(ant_t *js, sv_ast_t *program, ant_value_t ns);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/ant.c b/src/ant.c
index 71e0334..fad8090 100644
--- a/src/ant.c
+++ b/src/ant.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "esm/remote.h"
 #include "esm/loader.h"
+#include "esm/exports.h"
 #include "esm/builtin_bundle.h"
 
 #include "silver/lexer.h"
@@ -13314,6 +13315,11 @@ static ant_value_t js_eval_bytecode_mode(ant_t *js, const char *buf, size_t len,
     return js_mkerr_typed(js, JS_ERR_INTERNAL | JS_ERR_NO_STACK, "Unexpected parse error");
   }
 
+  if (mode == SV_COMPILE_MODULE) {
+    ant_value_t ns = js_module_eval_active_ns(js);
+    if (is_object_type(ns)) esm_predeclare_exports(js, program, ns);
+  }
+
   sv_func_t *func = sv_compile(js, program, mode, buf, (ant_offset_t)len);
   if (!func) {
     if (js->thrown_exists) return mkval(T_ERR, 0);
diff --git a/src/esm/exports.c b/src/esm/exports.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e9ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/esm/exports.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "esm/exports.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+
+static void collect_binding_names(ant_t *js, sv_ast_t *pat, ant_value_t ns) {
+  if (!pat) return;
+
+  static const void *dispatch[N__COUNT] = {
+    [N_IDENT]      = &&l_ident,
+    [N_ASSIGN_PAT] = &&l_left,
+    [N_REST]       = &&l_right,
+    [N_SPREAD]     = &&l_right,
+    [N_ARRAY]      = &&l_list,
+    [N_ARRAY_PAT]  = &&l_list,
+    [N_OBJECT]     = &&l_props,
+    [N_OBJECT_PAT] = &&l_props,
+  };
+
+  if ((unsigned)pat->type < N__COUNT && dispatch[pat->type])
+    goto *dispatch[pat->type];
+  return;
+
+  l_ident:
+    setprop_cstr(js, ns, pat->str, pat->len, js_mkundef());
+    return;
+  l_left:
+    collect_binding_names(js, pat->left, ns);
+    return;
+  l_right:
+    collect_binding_names(js, pat->right, ns);
+    return;
+  l_list:
+    for (int i = 0; i < pat->args.count; i++)
+      collect_binding_names(js, pat->args.items[i], ns);
+    return;
+  l_props:
+    for (int i = 0; i < pat->args.count; i++) {
+      sv_ast_t *p = pat->args.items[i];
+      if (!p) continue;
+      collect_binding_names(js, p->type == N_PROPERTY ? p->right : p, ns);
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+static void collect_spec_names(ant_t *js, sv_ast_list_t *specs, ant_value_t ns) {
+for (int i = 0; i < specs->count; i++) {
+  sv_ast_t *spec = specs->items[i];
+  if (spec && spec->type == N_IMPORT_SPEC && spec->right && spec->right->type == N_IDENT)
+    setprop_cstr(js, ns, spec->right->str, spec->right->len, js_mkundef());
+}}
+
+static void predeclare_decl(ant_t *js, sv_ast_t *decl, ant_value_t ns) {
+  static const void *dispatch[N__COUNT] = {
+    [N_VAR]   = &&l_var,
+    [N_FUNC]  = &&l_named,
+    [N_CLASS] = &&l_named,
+  };
+
+  if ((unsigned)decl->type < N__COUNT && dispatch[decl->type])
+    goto *dispatch[decl->type];
+  return;
+
+  l_var:
+    for (int i = 0; i < decl->args.count; i++) {
+      sv_ast_t *var = decl->args.items[i];
+      if (var && var->type == N_VARDECL)
+        collect_binding_names(js, var->left, ns);
+    }
+    return;
+  l_named:
+    if (decl->str && decl->len > 0)
+      setprop_cstr(js, ns, decl->str, decl->len, js_mkundef());
+    return;
+}
+
+void esm_predeclare_exports(ant_t *js, sv_ast_t *program, ant_value_t ns) {
+  if (!program || !is_object_type(ns)) return;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < program->args.count; i++) {
+  sv_ast_t *stmt = program->args.items[i];
+  if (!stmt || stmt->type != N_EXPORT) continue;
+  uint16_t f = stmt->flags;
+  
+  if (f & EX_DEFAULT) setprop_cstr(js, ns, "default", 7, js_mkundef());
+  else if ((f & EX_DECL) && stmt->left) predeclare_decl(js, stmt->left, ns);
+  else if ((f & EX_NAMED) || ((f & EX_STAR) && (f & EX_NAMESPACE))) collect_spec_names(js, &stmt->args, ns);
+}}