diff --git a/src/applications/settings/setting/PhabricatorTranslationSetting.php b/src/applications/settings/setting/PhabricatorTranslationSetting.php
index 42657e396c..b4865e30a9 100644
--- a/src/applications/settings/setting/PhabricatorTranslationSetting.php
+++ b/src/applications/settings/setting/PhabricatorTranslationSetting.php
@@ -32,24 +32,75 @@ final class PhabricatorTranslationSetting
   }
 
   protected function getSelectOptionGroups() {
-    $locales = PhutilLocale::loadAllLocales();
+    // Loading translations for all locales and determining
+    // whether they are limited can be expensive so cache it
+    $cache = PhabricatorCaches::getRuntimeCache();
+    $groups = $cache->getKey('locale.groups');
+    if (!$groups) {
+      $groups = $this->getLocaleGroups();
+      $cache->setKey('locale.groups', $groups);
+    }
+
+    // These are done after the cache check so that changes to these config
+    // settings via the web UI apply immediately
+
+    // Omit silly locales on serious business installs.
+    $is_serious = PhabricatorEnv::getEnvConfig('phabricator.serious-business');
+    if ($is_serious) {
+      unset($groups['silly']);
+    }
 
+    // Omit limited and test translations if Phabricator is not in developer
+    // mode.
+    $is_dev = PhabricatorEnv::getEnvConfig('phabricator.developer-mode');
+    if (!$is_dev) {
+      unset($groups['limited']);
+      unset($groups['test']);
+    }
+
+    // This can't be in the cache since these pht calls
+    // evaluate based on the locale of the current user
     $group_labels = array(
       'normal' => pht('Translations'),
       'limited' => pht('Limited Translations'),
       'silly' => pht('Silly Translations'),
       'test' => pht('Developer/Test Translations'),
     );
+    $results = array();
+    foreach ($groups as $key => $group) {
+      $label = $group_labels[$key];
+      if (!$group) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      asort($group);
+
+      $results[] = array(
+        'label' => $label,
+        'options' => $group,
+      );
+    }
 
-    $groups = array_fill_keys(array_keys($group_labels), array());
+    return $results;
+  }
 
-    $translations = array();
+  private function getLocaleGroups() {
+    $groups = array(
+     'normal' => array(),
+     'limited' => array(),
+     'silly' => array(),
+     'test' => array(),
+    );
+    $translations = PhutilTranslation::getAllTranslations();
+    $locales = PhutilLocale::loadAllLocales();
     foreach ($locales as $locale) {
       $code = $locale->getLocaleCode();
 
       // Get the locale's localized name if it's available. For example,
       // "Deutsch" instead of "German". This helps users who do not speak the
       // current language to find the correct setting.
+      // This also means that the locale name can be cached as it doesn't
+      // vary on user settings.
       $raw_scope = PhabricatorEnv::beginScopedLocale($code);
       $name = $locale->getLocaleName();
       unset($raw_scope);
@@ -64,18 +115,46 @@ final class PhabricatorTranslationSetting
         continue;
       }
 
-      $strings = PhutilTranslation::getTranslationMapForLocale($code);
-      $size = count($strings);
+      if (empty($translations[$code])) {
+        // Locales with zero translations are always "limited"
+        // even if they are English, even if the fallback has some
+        // (silly locales that post-process text rather than translating
+        // like "ENGLISH (ALL CAPS)" are handled above)
+        $groups['limited'][$code] = $name;
+        continue;
+      }
 
       // If a translation is English, assume it can fall back to the default
       // strings and don't caveat its completeness.
-      $is_english = (substr($code, 0, 3) == 'en_');
+      if (substr($code, 0, 3) == 'en_') {
+        $groups['normal'][$code] = $name;
+        continue;
+      }
 
       // Arbitrarily pick some number of available strings to promote a
       // translation out of the "limited" group. The major goal is just to
       // keep locales with very few strings out of the main group, so users
       // aren't surprised if a locale has no upstream translations available.
-      if ($size > 512 || $is_english) {
+      $limited_max = 512;
+
+      // Grab all fallbacks except the default fallback to en_US
+      $current = $code;
+      $strings = array();
+      while ($current && $current != 'en_US') {
+         $strings += $translations[$current];
+         $fallbacks = $locales[$current]->getFallbackLocaleCode();
+         if (is_array($fallbacks)) {
+           foreach ($fallbacks as $fb) {
+             if ($fb != 'en_US' && isset($translations[$fb])) {
+               $strings += $translations[$fb];
+             }
+           }
+           break;
+        }
+        $current = $fallbacks;
+      }
+
+      if (count($strings) > $limited_max) {
         $type = 'normal';
       } else {
         $type = 'limited';
@@ -83,37 +162,6 @@ final class PhabricatorTranslationSetting
 
       $groups[$type][$code] = $name;
     }
-
-    // Omit silly locales on serious business installs.
-    $is_serious = PhabricatorEnv::getEnvConfig('phabricator.serious-business');
-    if ($is_serious) {
-      unset($groups['silly']);
-    }
-
-    // Omit limited and test translations if Phabricator is not in developer
-    // mode.
-    $is_dev = PhabricatorEnv::getEnvConfig('phabricator.developer-mode');
-    if (!$is_dev) {
-      unset($groups['limited']);
-      unset($groups['test']);
-    }
-
-    $results = array();
-    foreach ($groups as $key => $group) {
-      $label = $group_labels[$key];
-      if (!$group) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      asort($group);
-
-      $results[] = array(
-        'label' => $label,
-        'options' => $group,
-      );
-    }
-
-    return $results;
+    return $groups;
   }
-
 }