//! Message Authentication Codes with type-level tracking.
//!
//! [`Mac<T, M, C>`] represents data with a MAC tag attached. Like [`Signed`](crate::signed::Signed),
//! the payload is inaccessible until verification succeeds — but MACs use symmetric
//! keys rather than public-key cryptography.
//!
//! # Type Parameters
//!
//! - `T`: The payload type that was authenticated
//! - `M`: The MAC primitive (e.g., [`HmacSha256`](hmac::HmacSha256))
//! - `C`: The codec used to serialize the payload
//!
//! # Example
//!
//! ```
//! # #[cfg(feature = "hmac")]
//! # {
//! use evidence::{codec::Identity, mac::{Mac, hmac::HmacSha256}};
//!
//! let key = hmac::digest::Key::<hmac::Hmac<sha2::Sha256>>::from_slice(&[0u8; 64]);
//! let data = b"hello world";
//!
//! let mac: Mac<[u8; 11], HmacSha256, Identity> = Mac::tag(key, data);
//!
//! // Payload is NOT accessible here — must verify first
//! let payload = mac.try_verify(key).unwrap();
//! assert_eq!(payload, *data);
//! # }
//! ```

use alloc::vec::Vec;
use core::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData};

use crate::codec::{Decode, Encode};

/// A MAC primitive that can authenticate and verify messages.
///
/// This trait abstracts over different MAC schemes (HMAC, KMAC, Poly1305, etc.)
/// similar to how [`SignaturePrimitive`](crate::signature::SignaturePrimitive) abstracts
/// over signature algorithms — but MACs use symmetric keys.
pub trait MacPrimitive {
    /// The secret key type (same key for tagging and verification).
    type Key;

    /// The MAC tag type.
    type Tag: Clone + Eq;

    /// Error type returned when verification fails.
    type Error: Debug;

    /// Compute a MAC tag over the message.
    fn mac(key: &Self::Key, message: &[u8]) -> Self::Tag;

    /// Verify a MAC tag against a message.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the MAC tag does not match.
    fn verify(key: &Self::Key, message: &[u8], tag: &Self::Tag) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
}

/// Authenticated data with a MAC tag.
///
/// This type deliberately does _not_ provide access to the payload.
/// You must call [`try_verify`](Self::try_verify) to obtain the payload,
/// which ensures you cannot accidentally use unauthenticated data.
///
/// # Construction
///
/// Use [`tag`](Self::tag) to create an authenticated payload.
///
/// For deserialization from untrusted sources, import the
/// [`MacUnchecked`] extension trait.
pub struct Mac<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> {
    tag: M::Tag,
    encoded_payload: Vec<u8>,
    _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> (T, C)>,
}

impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> Clone for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: Clone,
{
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            tag: self.tag.clone(),
            encoded_payload: self.encoded_payload.clone(),
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> PartialEq for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: PartialEq,
{
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.tag == other.tag && self.encoded_payload == other.encoded_payload
    }
}

impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> Eq for Mac<T, M, C> where M::Tag: Eq {}

impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> core::fmt::Debug for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: core::fmt::Debug,
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("Mac")
            .field("tag", &self.tag)
            .field("encoded_payload", &self.encoded_payload)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> Mac<T, M, C> {
    /// Create a MAC from its components.
    ///
    /// This is `pub(crate)` — external users should use [`tag`](Self::tag)
    /// or the [`MacUnchecked`] extension trait.
    #[must_use]
    pub(crate) fn new(tag: M::Tag, encoded_payload: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
        Self {
            tag,
            encoded_payload,
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Compute a MAC tag over a payload.
    ///
    /// The payload is encoded using codec `C`, then authenticated with key.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the codec fails to encode the payload.
    #[must_use]
    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)] // documented panic on encode failure
    pub fn tag(key: &M::Key, payload: &T) -> Self
    where
        C: Encode<T>,
    {
        let encoded = C::encode(payload).expect("encoding failed");
        let tag = M::mac(key, &encoded);
        Self::new(tag, encoded)
    }

    /// Verify the MAC and decode the payload.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns [`MacError::InvalidMac`] if the tag does not verify.
    ///
    /// Returns [`MacError::DecodeError`] if the payload cannot be decoded.
    pub fn try_verify(&self, key: &M::Key) -> Result<T, MacError>
    where
        C: Decode<T>,
    {
        M::verify(key, &self.encoded_payload, &self.tag).map_err(|_| MacError::InvalidMac)?;

        C::decode(&self.encoded_payload).map_err(|_| MacError::DecodeError)
    }

    /// Get the MAC tag.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn mac_tag(&self) -> &M::Tag {
        &self.tag
    }

    /// Get the encoded payload bytes.
    ///
    /// Note: This returns the raw encoded bytes, _not_ the decoded payload.
    /// The decoded payload is only accessible after verification via
    /// [`try_verify`](Self::try_verify).
    #[must_use]
    pub fn encoded_payload(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.encoded_payload
    }
}

/// Error returned when MAC verification fails.
///
/// Details of _why_ verification failed are intentionally hidden
/// to avoid leaking information.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum MacError {
    /// MAC tag did not verify.
    InvalidMac,

    /// Payload could not be decoded.
    DecodeError,
}

impl core::fmt::Display for MacError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::InvalidMac => write!(f, "invalid MAC"),
            Self::DecodeError => write!(f, "payload decode error"),
        }
    }
}

/// Extension trait for constructing [`Mac`] from raw components.
///
/// This trait is _intentionally_ not in the prelude. Importing it is an explicit
/// acknowledgment that you are bypassing the normal authentication flow.
///
/// # When to use
///
/// - Deserializing authenticated data from storage or network
/// - Interoperating with external systems
/// - Testing
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #[cfg(feature = "hmac")]
/// # {
/// use evidence::{codec::Identity, mac::{Mac, MacUnchecked, hmac::HmacSha256}};
///
/// // Reconstruct from deserialized components
/// let tag: [u8; 32] = [0u8; 32];
/// let encoded = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
///
/// let mac: Mac<Vec<u8>, HmacSha256, Identity> = Mac::from_unchecked_parts(tag, encoded);
/// # }
/// ```
pub trait MacUnchecked<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> {
    /// Create a MAC from raw components.
    ///
    /// # Safety (logical)
    ///
    /// This does not perform any verification. The caller must ensure
    /// the components represent valid authenticated data.
    fn from_unchecked_parts(tag: M::Tag, encoded_payload: Vec<u8>) -> Self;
}

impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> MacUnchecked<T, M, C> for Mac<T, M, C> {
    fn from_unchecked_parts(tag: M::Tag, encoded_payload: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
        Self::new(tag, encoded_payload)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> serde::Serialize for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: serde::Serialize,
{
    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
        use serde::ser::SerializeStruct;
        let mut state = serializer.serialize_struct("Mac", 2)?;
        state.serialize_field("tag", &self.tag)?;
        state.serialize_field("encoded_payload", &self.encoded_payload)?;
        state.end()
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<'de, T, M: MacPrimitive, C> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: serde::Deserialize<'de>,
{
    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
        use serde::de::{MapAccess, Visitor};

        struct MacVisitor<T, M: MacPrimitive, C>(PhantomData<(T, M, C)>);

        impl<'de, T, M: MacPrimitive, C> Visitor<'de> for MacVisitor<T, M, C>
        where
            M::Tag: serde::Deserialize<'de>,
        {
            type Value = Mac<T, M, C>;

            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
                formatter.write_str("struct Mac")
            }

            fn visit_map<V: MapAccess<'de>>(self, mut map: V) -> Result<Mac<T, M, C>, V::Error> {
                let mut tag = None;
                let mut encoded_payload = None;

                while let Some(key) = map.next_key::<&str>()? {
                    match key {
                        "tag" => tag = Some(map.next_value()?),
                        "encoded_payload" => encoded_payload = Some(map.next_value()?),
                        _ => {
                            let _: serde::de::IgnoredAny = map.next_value()?;
                        }
                    }
                }

                let tag = tag.ok_or_else(|| serde::de::Error::missing_field("tag"))?;
                let encoded_payload = encoded_payload
                    .ok_or_else(|| serde::de::Error::missing_field("encoded_payload"))?;

                Ok(Mac::new(tag, encoded_payload))
            }
        }

        const FIELDS: &[&str] = &["tag", "encoded_payload"];
        deserializer.deserialize_struct("Mac", FIELDS, MacVisitor(PhantomData))
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "arbitrary")]
impl<'a, T, M: MacPrimitive, C> arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a> for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a>,
{
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
        let tag = M::Tag::arbitrary(u)?;
        let encoded_payload = Vec::arbitrary(u)?;
        Ok(Self::new(tag, encoded_payload))
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "bolero")]
impl<T: 'static, M: MacPrimitive + 'static, C: 'static> bolero_generator::TypeGenerator
    for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: bolero_generator::TypeGenerator,
{
    fn generate<D: bolero_generator::Driver>(driver: &mut D) -> Option<Self> {
        let tag = M::Tag::generate(driver)?;
        let encoded_payload = Vec::generate(driver)?;
        Some(Self::new(tag, encoded_payload))
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "proptest")]
impl<T: 'static, M: MacPrimitive + 'static, C: 'static> proptest::arbitrary::Arbitrary
    for Mac<T, M, C>
where
    M::Tag: proptest::arbitrary::Arbitrary + 'static,
{
    type Parameters = ();
    type Strategy = proptest::strategy::BoxedStrategy<Self>;

    fn arbitrary_with((): Self::Parameters) -> Self::Strategy {
        use proptest::prelude::*;
        (
            any::<M::Tag>(),
            proptest::collection::vec(any::<u8>(), 0..256),
        )
            .prop_map(|(tag, encoded_payload)| Self::new(tag, encoded_payload))
            .boxed()
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "rkyv")]
/// Zero-copy [`rkyv`] serialization support for [`Mac`].
pub mod archive {
    use super::{Mac, MacPrimitive};
    use alloc::vec::Vec;
    use rkyv::{Archive, Archived, Deserialize, Serialize, rancor::Fallible};

    impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C> Archive for Mac<T, M, C>
    where
        M::Tag: Archive,
    {
        type Archived = ArchivedMac<M::Tag>;
        type Resolver = MacResolver<M::Tag>;

        fn resolve(&self, resolver: Self::Resolver, out: rkyv::Place<Self::Archived>) {
            let helper = MacHelper {
                tag: self.tag.clone(),
                encoded_payload: self.encoded_payload.clone(),
            };
            helper.resolve(resolver, out);
        }
    }

    impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C, S> Serialize<S> for Mac<T, M, C>
    where
        M::Tag: Serialize<S>,
        S: Fallible + rkyv::ser::Allocator + rkyv::ser::Writer + ?Sized,
    {
        fn serialize(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<Self::Resolver, S::Error> {
            let helper = MacHelper {
                tag: self.tag.clone(),
                encoded_payload: self.encoded_payload.clone(),
            };
            helper.serialize(serializer)
        }
    }

    impl<T, M: MacPrimitive, C, D> Deserialize<Mac<T, M, C>, D> for ArchivedMac<M::Tag>
    where
        M::Tag: Archive,
        Archived<M::Tag>: Deserialize<M::Tag, D>,
        D: Fallible + ?Sized,
        D::Error: rkyv::rancor::Source,
    {
        fn deserialize(&self, deserializer: &mut D) -> Result<Mac<T, M, C>, D::Error> {
            let helper: MacHelper<M::Tag> = <ArchivedMac<M::Tag> as Deserialize<
                MacHelper<M::Tag>,
                D,
            >>::deserialize(self, deserializer)?;
            Ok(Mac::new(helper.tag, helper.encoded_payload))
        }
    }

    /// Helper struct for rkyv serialization.
    ///
    /// The phantom type parameters from [`Mac`] are erased in the archived
    /// form since they only matter at compile time.
    #[derive(Debug, Archive, Serialize, Deserialize)]
    pub struct MacHelper<Tag> {
        tag: Tag,
        encoded_payload: Vec<u8>,
    }

    /// Type alias for the archived form of [`Mac`].
    pub type ArchivedMac<Tag> = ArchivedMacHelper<Tag>;

    /// Type alias for the resolver of [`Mac`].
    pub type MacResolver<Tag> = MacHelperResolver<Tag>;
}

#[cfg(feature = "hmac")]
pub mod hmac;