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A lexicon-driven AppView for ATProto.
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use crate::AppState;use crate::db::{DatabaseBackend, adapt_sql};
/// Encode a cursor from created_at timestamp and uri.fn encode_cursor(created_at: &str, uri: &str) -> String { BASE64.encode(format!("{created_at}|{uri}"))}
/// Decode a cursor into (created_at, uri). Returns None if invalid.fn decode_cursor(cursor: &str) -> Option<(String, String)> { let decoded = BASE64.decode(cursor).ok()?; let s = String::from_utf8(decoded).ok()?; let (ts, uri) = s.split_once('|')?; Some((ts.to_string(), uri.to_string()))}
/// Register the `db` table with database query functions.pub fn register_db_api(lua: &Lua, state: Arc<AppState>) -> LuaResult<()> { let db_table = lua.create_table()?;
// db.query({ collection, did?, limit?, offset?, cursor?, sort?, sortDirection? }) -> { records, cursor? } let state_query = state.clone(); let query_fn = lua.create_async_function(move |lua, opts: mlua::Table| { let state = state_query.clone(); async move { let backend = state.db_backend; let collection: String = opts.get("collection")?; let did: Option<String> = opts.get("did").ok(); let limit: i64 = opts.get::<i64>("limit").unwrap_or(20).min(100); let sort: Option<String> = opts.get("sort").ok(); let sort_direction: Option<String> = opts.get("sortDirection").ok(); let cursor_str: Option<String> = opts.get("cursor").ok();
// Validate sort field name to prevent SQL injection if let Some(ref field) = sort { let valid = field.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_'); if !valid || field.is_empty() { return Err(mlua::Error::runtime( "invalid sort field: only alphanumeric characters and underscores are allowed", )); } }
let direction = match sort_direction.as_deref() { Some("asc") => "ASC", Some("desc") => "DESC", None => "DESC", Some(other) => { return Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!( "invalid sortDirection '{other}': must be 'asc' or 'desc'" ))); } };
let result_table = lua.create_table()?;
if let Some(ref sort_field) = sort { // Custom sort: use OFFSET/LIMIT with base64-encoded offset cursor let offset: i64 = if let Some(ref cursor) = cursor_str { BASE64.decode(cursor).ok() .and_then(|b| String::from_utf8(b).ok()) .and_then(|s| s.parse::<i64>().ok()) .unwrap_or(0) } else { opts.get::<i64>("offset").unwrap_or(0) };
let top_level_columns = ["indexed_at", "did", "uri"]; let order_expr = if top_level_columns.contains(&sort_field.as_str()) { format!("{sort_field} {direction}") } else { match backend { DatabaseBackend::Postgres => format!("record::jsonb->'value'->>'{sort_field}' {direction}"), DatabaseBackend::Sqlite => format!("json_extract(record, '$.value.{sort_field}') {direction}"), } };
let rows: Vec<(String, String, String)> = if let Some(ref did) = did { let sql = adapt_sql( &format!("SELECT uri, did, record FROM records WHERE collection = $1 AND did = $2 ORDER BY {order_expr} LIMIT $3 OFFSET $4"), backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(did) .bind(limit) .bind(offset) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))? } else { let sql = adapt_sql( &format!("SELECT uri, did, record FROM records WHERE collection = $1 ORDER BY {order_expr} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3"), backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(limit) .bind(offset) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))? };
let has_next = rows.len() as i64 == limit;
if has_next { let next_offset = offset + limit; result_table.set("cursor", BASE64.encode(next_offset.to_string()))?; }
let records: Vec<Value> = rows .into_iter() .map(|(uri, _did, record_str)| { let mut record: Value = serde_json::from_str(&record_str).unwrap_or(json!({})); if let Some(obj) = record.as_object_mut() { obj.insert("uri".to_string(), json!(uri)); } record }) .collect();
let record_values: Vec<mlua::Value> = records .iter() .map(|r| lua.to_value(r)) .collect::<LuaResult<_>>()?; let records_table = lua.create_sequence_from(record_values)?; records_table.set_metatable(Some(lua.array_metatable()))?; result_table.set("records", records_table)?; } else { // Cursor-based pagination on (created_at, uri) let cursor_parts = cursor_str.as_ref().and_then(|c| decode_cursor(c));
type RowType = (String, String, String, String);
let rows_raw: Vec<RowType> = match (&did, &cursor_parts) { (Some(did), Some((cursor_ts, cursor_uri))) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT uri, did, record, created_at FROM records \ WHERE collection = $1 AND did = $2 AND (created_at < $3 OR (created_at = $3 AND uri < $4)) \ ORDER BY created_at DESC, uri DESC \ LIMIT $5", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(did) .bind(cursor_ts) .bind(cursor_uri) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))? } (Some(did), None) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT uri, did, record, created_at FROM records \ WHERE collection = $1 AND did = $2 \ ORDER BY created_at DESC, uri DESC \ LIMIT $3", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(did) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))? } (None, Some((cursor_ts, cursor_uri))) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT uri, did, record, created_at FROM records \ WHERE collection = $1 AND (created_at < $2 OR (created_at = $2 AND uri < $3)) \ ORDER BY created_at DESC, uri DESC \ LIMIT $4", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(cursor_ts) .bind(cursor_uri) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))? } (None, None) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT uri, did, record, created_at FROM records \ WHERE collection = $1 \ ORDER BY created_at DESC, uri DESC \ LIMIT $2", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))? } };
let has_next = rows_raw.len() as i64 == limit;
if has_next && let Some((last_uri, _, _, last_created_at)) = rows_raw.last() { let cursor = encode_cursor(last_created_at, last_uri); result_table.set("cursor", cursor)?; }
let records: Vec<Value> = rows_raw .into_iter() .map(|(uri, _did, record_str, _created_at)| { let mut record: Value = serde_json::from_str(&record_str).unwrap_or(json!({})); if let Some(obj) = record.as_object_mut() { obj.insert("uri".to_string(), json!(uri)); } record }) .collect();
let record_values: Vec<mlua::Value> = records .iter() .map(|r| lua.to_value(r)) .collect::<LuaResult<_>>()?; let records_table = lua.create_sequence_from(record_values)?; records_table.set_metatable(Some(lua.array_metatable()))?; result_table.set("records", records_table)?; }
Ok(mlua::Value::Table(result_table)) } })?; db_table.set("query", query_fn)?;
// db.get(uri) -> record table or nil let state_get = state.clone(); let get_fn = lua.create_async_function(move |lua, uri: String| { let state = state_get.clone(); async move { let backend = state.db_backend; let sql = adapt_sql("SELECT record FROM records WHERE uri = $1", backend); let row: Option<(String,)> = sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&uri) .fetch_optional(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB query failed: {e}")))?;
match row { Some((record_str,)) => { let mut record: Value = serde_json::from_str(&record_str).unwrap_or(json!({})); if let Some(obj) = record.as_object_mut() { obj.insert("uri".to_string(), json!(uri)); } lua.to_value(&record) } None => Ok(mlua::Value::Nil), } } })?; db_table.set("get", get_fn)?;
// db.search({ collection, field, query, limit? }) -> { records } let state_search = state.clone(); let search_fn = lua.create_async_function(move |lua, opts: mlua::Table| { let state = state_search.clone(); async move { let backend = state.db_backend; let collection: String = opts.get("collection")?; let field: String = opts.get("field")?; let query: String = opts.get("query")?; let limit: i64 = opts.get::<i64>("limit").unwrap_or(10).min(100);
// Validate field name to prevent SQL injection let valid = field.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_'); if !valid || field.is_empty() { return Err(mlua::Error::runtime( "invalid search field: only alphanumeric characters and underscores are allowed", )); }
let like_pattern = format!("%{query}%");
let rows: Vec<(String, String, String)> = match backend { DatabaseBackend::Postgres => { let sql = adapt_sql( &format!( "SELECT uri, did, record FROM records \ WHERE collection = $1 \ AND record::jsonb->>'{field}' ILIKE $2 \ ORDER BY \ CASE \ WHEN LOWER(record::jsonb->>'{field}') = LOWER($3) THEN 0 \ WHEN LOWER(record::jsonb->>'{field}') LIKE LOWER($3) || '%' THEN 1 \ ELSE 2 \ END, \ record::jsonb->>'{field}' \ LIMIT $4" ), backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(&like_pattern) .bind(&query) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB search failed: {e}")))? } DatabaseBackend::Sqlite => { let sql = format!( "SELECT uri, did, record FROM records \ WHERE collection = ? \ AND json_extract(record, '$.{field}') LIKE ? COLLATE NOCASE \ ORDER BY \ CASE \ WHEN LOWER(json_extract(record, '$.{field}')) = LOWER(?) THEN 0 \ WHEN LOWER(json_extract(record, '$.{field}')) LIKE LOWER(?) || '%' THEN 1 \ ELSE 2 \ END, \ json_extract(record, '$.{field}') \ LIMIT ?" ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(&like_pattern) .bind(&query) .bind(&query) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB search failed: {e}")))? } };
let records: Vec<Value> = rows .into_iter() .map(|(uri, _did, record_str)| { let mut record: Value = serde_json::from_str(&record_str).unwrap_or(json!({})); if let Some(obj) = record.as_object_mut() { obj.insert("uri".to_string(), json!(uri)); } record }) .collect();
let record_values: Vec<mlua::Value> = records .iter() .map(|r| lua.to_value(r)) .collect::<LuaResult<_>>()?; let records_table = lua.create_sequence_from(record_values)?; records_table.set_metatable(Some(lua.array_metatable()))?;
let result_table = lua.create_table()?; result_table.set("records", records_table)?;
Ok(mlua::Value::Table(result_table)) } })?; db_table.set("search", search_fn)?;
// db.count(collection, did?) -> integer let state_count = state.clone(); let count_fn = lua.create_async_function(move |_, (collection, did): (String, Option<String>)| { let state = state_count.clone(); async move { let backend = state.db_backend; let count: (i64,) = if let Some(ref did) = did { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM records WHERE collection = $1 AND did = $2", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .bind(did) .fetch_one(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB count failed: {e}")))? } else { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM records WHERE collection = $1", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&collection) .fetch_one(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB count failed: {e}")))? }; Ok(count.0) } })?; db_table.set("count", count_fn)?;
// db.backlinks({ collection, uri, did?, limit?, cursor? }) -> { records, cursor? } // Find records in `collection` that reference the given AT URI via record_refs. let state_backlinks = state.clone(); let backlinks_fn = lua.create_async_function(move |lua, opts: mlua::Table| { let state = state_backlinks.clone(); async move { let backend = state.db_backend; let collection: String = opts.get("collection")?; let uri: String = opts.get("uri")?; let did: Option<String> = opts.get("did").ok(); let limit: i64 = opts.get::<i64>("limit").unwrap_or(20).min(100); let cursor_str: Option<String> = opts.get("cursor").ok();
let cursor_parts = cursor_str.as_ref().and_then(|c| decode_cursor(c));
type RowType = (String, String, String, String);
let rows_raw: Vec<RowType> = match (&did, &cursor_parts) { (Some(did), Some((cursor_ts, cursor_uri))) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT r.uri, r.did, r.record, r.created_at FROM records r \ INNER JOIN record_refs ref ON ref.source_uri = r.uri \ WHERE ref.target_uri = $1 AND ref.collection = $2 AND r.did = $3 \ AND (r.created_at < $4 OR (r.created_at = $4 AND r.uri < $5)) \ ORDER BY r.created_at DESC, r.uri DESC \ LIMIT $6", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&uri) .bind(&collection) .bind(did) .bind(cursor_ts) .bind(cursor_uri) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB backlinks failed: {e}")))? } (Some(did), None) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT r.uri, r.did, r.record, r.created_at FROM records r \ INNER JOIN record_refs ref ON ref.source_uri = r.uri \ WHERE ref.target_uri = $1 AND ref.collection = $2 AND r.did = $3 \ ORDER BY r.created_at DESC, r.uri DESC \ LIMIT $4", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&uri) .bind(&collection) .bind(did) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB backlinks failed: {e}")))? } (None, Some((cursor_ts, cursor_uri))) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT r.uri, r.did, r.record, r.created_at FROM records r \ INNER JOIN record_refs ref ON ref.source_uri = r.uri \ WHERE ref.target_uri = $1 AND ref.collection = $2 \ AND (r.created_at < $3 OR (r.created_at = $3 AND r.uri < $4)) \ ORDER BY r.created_at DESC, r.uri DESC \ LIMIT $5", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&uri) .bind(&collection) .bind(cursor_ts) .bind(cursor_uri) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB backlinks failed: {e}")))? } (None, None) => { let sql = adapt_sql( "SELECT r.uri, r.did, r.record, r.created_at FROM records r \ INNER JOIN record_refs ref ON ref.source_uri = r.uri \ WHERE ref.target_uri = $1 AND ref.collection = $2 \ ORDER BY r.created_at DESC, r.uri DESC \ LIMIT $3", backend, ); sqlx::query_as(&sql) .bind(&uri) .bind(&collection) .bind(limit) .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("DB backlinks failed: {e}")))? } };
let has_next = rows_raw.len() as i64 == limit;
let result_table = lua.create_table()?;
if has_next && let Some((last_uri, _, _, last_created_at)) = rows_raw.last() { let cursor = encode_cursor(last_created_at, last_uri); result_table.set("cursor", cursor)?; }
let records: Vec<Value> = rows_raw .into_iter() .map(|(uri, _did, record_str, _created_at)| { let mut record: Value = serde_json::from_str(&record_str).unwrap_or(json!({})); if let Some(obj) = record.as_object_mut() { obj.insert("uri".to_string(), json!(uri)); } record }) .collect();
let record_values: Vec<mlua::Value> = records .iter() .map(|r| lua.to_value(r)) .collect::<LuaResult<_>>()?; let records_table = lua.create_sequence_from(record_values)?; records_table.set_metatable(Some(lua.array_metatable()))?; result_table.set("records", records_table)?;
Ok(mlua::Value::Table(result_table)) } })?; db_table.set("backlinks", backlinks_fn)?;
// db.raw(sql, params?) -> rows[] let state_raw = state; let raw_fn = lua.create_async_function(move |lua, (sql, params): (String, Option<mlua::Table>)| { let state = state_raw.clone(); async move { let backend = state.db_backend; let adapted = adapt_sql(&sql, backend); let mut query = sqlx::query(&adapted); if let Some(ref params_table) = params { for value in params_table.sequence_values::<mlua::Value>() { let value = value?; query = match value { mlua::Value::String(s) => query.bind(s.to_str()?.to_string()), mlua::Value::Integer(n) => query.bind(n), mlua::Value::Number(n) => query.bind(n), mlua::Value::Boolean(b) => query.bind(if b { 1_i32 } else { 0_i32 }), mlua::Value::Nil => query.bind(Option::<String>::None), other => { return Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!( "unsupported parameter type: {}", other.type_name() ))); } }; } }
let rows = query .fetch_all(&state.db) .await .map_err(|e| mlua::Error::runtime(format!("db.raw query failed: {e}")))?;
// Convert rows to Lua tables let mut lua_rows: Vec<mlua::Value> = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len()); for row in &rows { let row_table = lua.create_table()?; for col in row.columns() { let name = col.name(); let lua_val: mlua::Value = match row.try_get::<String, _>(name) { Ok(s) => mlua::Value::String(lua.create_string(&s)?), Err(_) => match row.try_get::<i64, _>(name) { Ok(n) => mlua::Value::Integer(n), Err(_) => match row.try_get::<i32, _>(name) { Ok(n) => mlua::Value::Integer(n as i64), Err(_) => match row.try_get::<f64, _>(name) { Ok(n) => mlua::Value::Number(n), Err(_) => match row.try_get::<bool, _>(name) { Ok(b) => mlua::Value::Boolean(b), Err(_) => mlua::Value::Nil, }, }, }, }, }; row_table.set(name, lua_val)?; } lua_rows.push(mlua::Value::Table(row_table)); }
let result = lua.create_sequence_from(lua_rows)?; result.set_metatable(Some(lua.array_metatable()))?; Ok(result) } })?; db_table.set("raw", raw_fn)?;
lua.globals().set("db", db_table)?; Ok(())}
#[cfg(test)]mod tests { use super::*; use crate::config::Config; use crate::db::DatabaseBackend; use crate::lexicon::LexiconRegistry; use tokio::sync::watch;
fn test_state() -> AppState { let config = Config { host: "127.0.0.1".into(), port: 3000, database_url: String::new(), database_backend: crate::db::DatabaseBackend::Sqlite, aip_url: String::new(), aip_public_url: String::new(), tap_url: String::new(), tap_admin_password: None, relay_url: String::new(), plc_url: String::new(), static_dir: String::new(), event_log_retention_days: 30, }; let (tx, _) = watch::channel(vec![]); let (labeler_tx, _) = watch::channel(()); sqlx::any::install_default_drivers(); AppState { config, http: reqwest::Client::new(), db: sqlx::AnyPool::connect_lazy("sqlite::memory:").unwrap(), db_backend: DatabaseBackend::Sqlite, lexicons: LexiconRegistry::new(), collections_tx: tx, labeler_subscriptions_tx: labeler_tx, rate_limiter: crate::rate_limit::RateLimiter::new( false, crate::rate_limit::RateLimitConfig { capacity: 100, refill_rate: 2.0, default_query_cost: 1, default_procedure_cost: 1, default_proxy_cost: 1, }, vec![], ), } }
fn setup(state: &AppState) -> Lua { let lua = Lua::new(); register_db_api(&lua, Arc::new(state.clone())).unwrap(); lua }
#[tokio::test] async fn raw_allows_non_select() { let state = test_state(); let lua = setup(&state); let result: Result<mlua::Value, _> = lua .load(r#"return db.raw("DELETE FROM records")"#) .eval_async() .await; // Should fail with a DB connection error, NOT a validation error assert!(result.is_err()); let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string(); assert!( !err.contains("only supports SELECT"), "should have passed validation but got: {err}" ); }
#[tokio::test] async fn raw_allows_select() { let state = test_state(); let lua = setup(&state); let result: Result<mlua::Value, _> = lua.load(r#"return db.raw("SELECT 1")"#).eval_async().await; // Should either succeed (SQLite in-memory) or fail with a DB connection error, // but NOT a validation error. if let Err(e) = &result { let err = e.to_string(); assert!( !err.contains("only supports SELECT"), "should have passed validation but got: {err}" ); } }
#[tokio::test] async fn query_rejects_invalid_sort_field() { let state = test_state(); let lua = setup(&state); let result: Result<mlua::Value, _> = lua .load(r#"return db.query({ collection = "test", sort = "name; DROP TABLE" })"#) .eval_async() .await; assert!(result.is_err()); let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string(); assert!( err.contains("invalid sort field"), "expected sort field error, got: {err}" ); }
#[tokio::test] async fn query_rejects_invalid_sort_direction() { let state = test_state(); let lua = setup(&state); let result: Result<mlua::Value, _> = lua .load(r#"return db.query({ collection = "test", sortDirection = "sideways" })"#) .eval_async() .await; assert!(result.is_err()); let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string(); assert!( err.contains("invalid sortDirection"), "expected sortDirection error, got: {err}" ); }
#[test] fn cursor_round_trip() { let encoded = super::encode_cursor("2026-03-12T10:00:00Z", "at://did:plc:abc/col/rkey"); let (ts, uri) = super::decode_cursor(&encoded).unwrap(); assert_eq!(ts, "2026-03-12T10:00:00Z"); assert_eq!(uri, "at://did:plc:abc/col/rkey"); }
#[test] fn decode_invalid_cursor_returns_none() { assert!(super::decode_cursor("not-valid-base64!!!").is_none()); }
#[test] fn decode_cursor_missing_pipe_returns_none() { use base64::{Engine, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD as BASE64}; let encoded = BASE64.encode("no-pipe-here"); assert!(super::decode_cursor(&encoded).is_none()); }
#[tokio::test] async fn query_accepts_valid_sort_direction() { let state = test_state(); let lua = setup(&state); let result: Result<mlua::Value, _> = lua .load(r#"return db.query({ collection = "test", sortDirection = "asc" })"#) .eval_async() .await; // Should fail with a DB connection error, NOT a validation error assert!(result.is_err()); let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string(); assert!( !err.contains("invalid sortDirection"), "should have passed validation but got: {err}" ); }}