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🎥 Command line media player
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Video filters allow you to modify the video stream and its properties. Thesyntax is:
``--vf=<filter1[=parameter1:parameter2:...],filter2,...>`` Setup a chain of video filters. This consists on the filter name, and an option list of parameters after ``=``. The parameters are separated by ``:`` (not ``,``, as that starts a new filter entry).
Before the filter name, a label can be specified with ``@name:``, where name is an arbitrary user-given name, which identifies the filter. This is only needed if you want to toggle the filter at runtime.
A ``!`` before the filter name means the filter is enabled by default. It will be skipped on filter creation. This is also useful for runtime filter toggling.
See the ``vf`` command (and ``toggle`` sub-command) for further explanations and examples.
The general filter entry syntax is:
``["@"<label-name>":"] ["!"] <filter-name> [ "=" <filter-parameter-list> ]``
or for the special "toggle" syntax (see ``vf`` command):
``"@"<label-name>``
and the ``filter-parameter-list``:
``<filter-parameter> | <filter-parameter> "," <filter-parameter-list>``
and ``filter-parameter``:
``( <param-name> "=" <param-value> ) | <param-value>``
``param-value`` can further be quoted in ``[`` / ``]`` in case the value contains characters like ``,`` or ``=``. This is used in particular with the ``lavfi`` filter, which uses a very similar syntax as mpv (MPlayer historically) to specify filters and their parameters.
You can also set defaults for each filter. The defaults are applied before thenormal filter parameters.
``--vf-defaults=<filter1[=parameter1:parameter2:...],filter2,...>`` Set defaults for each filter.
.. note::
To get a full list of available video filters, see ``--vf=help`` and http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html .
Also, keep in mind that most actual filters are available via the ``lavfi`` wrapper, which gives you access to most of libavfilter's filters. This includes all filters that have been ported from MPlayer to libavfilter.
Most builtin filters are deprecated in some ways, unless they're only available in mpv (such as filters which deal with mpv specifics, or which are implemented in mpv only).
If a filter is not builtin, the ``lavfi-bridge`` will be automatically tried. This bridge does not support help output, and does not verify parameters before the filter is actually used. Although the mpv syntax is rather similar to libavfilter's, it's not the same. (Which means not everything accepted by vf_lavfi's ``graph`` option will be accepted by ``--vf``.)
You can also prefix the filter name with ``lavfi-`` to force the wrapper. This is helpful if the filter name collides with a deprecated mpv builtin filter. For example ``--vf=lavfi-scale=args`` would use libavfilter's ``scale`` filter over mpv's deprecated builtin one.
Video filters are managed in lists. There are a few commands to manage thefilter list.
``--vf-add=<filter1[,filter2,...]>`` Appends the filters given as arguments to the filter list.
``--vf-pre=<filter1[,filter2,...]>`` Prepends the filters given as arguments to the filter list.
``--vf-del=<index1[,index2,...]>`` Deletes the filters at the given indexes. Index numbers start at 0, negative numbers address the end of the list (-1 is the last).
``--vf-clr`` Completely empties the filter list.
With filters that support it, you can access parameters by their name.
``--vf=<filter>=help`` Prints the parameter names and parameter value ranges for a particular filter.
``--vf=<filter=named_parameter1=value1[:named_parameter2=value2:...]>`` Sets a named parameter to the given value. Use on and off or yes and no to set flag parameters.
Available mpv-only filters are:
``format=fmt=<value>:colormatrix=<value>:...`` Restricts the color space for the next filter without doing any conversion. Use together with the scale filter for a real conversion.
.. note::
For a list of available formats, see ``format=fmt=help``.
``<fmt>`` Format name, e.g. rgb15, bgr24, 420p, etc. (default: don't change). ``<outfmt>`` Format name that should be substituted for the output. If they do not have the same bytes per pixel and chroma subsampling, it will fail. ``<colormatrix>`` Controls the YUV to RGB color space conversion when playing video. There are various standards. Normally, BT.601 should be used for SD video, and BT.709 for HD video. (This is done by default.) Using incorrect color space results in slightly under or over saturated and shifted colors.
These options are not always supported. Different video outputs provide varying degrees of support. The ``opengl`` and ``vdpau`` video output drivers usually offer full support. The ``xv`` output can set the color space if the system video driver supports it, but not input and output levels. The ``scale`` video filter can configure color space and input levels, but only if the output format is RGB (if the video output driver supports RGB output, you can force this with ``-vf scale,format=rgba``).
If this option is set to ``auto`` (which is the default), the video's color space flag will be used. If that flag is unset, the color space will be selected automatically. This is done using a simple heuristic that attempts to distinguish SD and HD video. If the video is larger than 1279x576 pixels, BT.709 (HD) will be used; otherwise BT.601 (SD) is selected.
Available color spaces are:
:auto: automatic selection (default) :bt.601: ITU-R BT.601 (SD) :bt.709: ITU-R BT.709 (HD) :bt.2020-ncl: ITU-R BT.2020 non-constant luminance system :bt.2020-cl: ITU-R BT.2020 constant luminance system :smpte-240m: SMPTE-240M
``<colorlevels>`` YUV color levels used with YUV to RGB conversion. This option is only necessary when playing broken files which do not follow standard color levels or which are flagged wrong. If the video does not specify its color range, it is assumed to be limited range.
The same limitations as with ``<colormatrix>`` apply.
Available color ranges are:
:auto: automatic selection (normally limited range) (default) :limited: limited range (16-235 for luma, 16-240 for chroma) :full: full range (0-255 for both luma and chroma)
``<primaries>`` RGB primaries the source file was encoded with. Normally this should be set in the file header, but when playing broken or mistagged files this can be used to override the setting.
This option only affects video output drivers that perform color management, for example ``opengl`` with the ``target-prim`` or ``icc-profile`` suboptions set.
If this option is set to ``auto`` (which is the default), the video's primaries flag will be used. If that flag is unset, the color space will be selected automatically, using the following heuristics: If the ``<colormatrix>`` is set or determined as BT.2020 or BT.709, the corresponding primaries are used. Otherwise, if the video height is exactly 576 (PAL), BT.601-625 is used. If it's exactly 480 or 486 (NTSC), BT.601-525 is used. If the video resolution is anything else, BT.709 is used.
Available primaries are:
:auto: automatic selection (default) :bt.601-525: ITU-R BT.601 (SD) 525-line systems (NTSC, SMPTE-C) :bt.601-625: ITU-R BT.601 (SD) 625-line systems (PAL, SECAM) :bt.709: ITU-R BT.709 (HD) (same primaries as sRGB) :bt.2020: ITU-R BT.2020 (UHD) :apple: Apple RGB :adobe: Adobe RGB (1998) :prophoto: ProPhoto RGB (ROMM) :cie1931: CIE 1931 RGB :dci-p3: DCI-P3 (Digital Cinema) :v-gamut: Panasonic V-Gamut primaries
``<gamma>`` Gamma function the source file was encoded with. Normally this should be set in the file header, but when playing broken or mistagged files this can be used to override the setting.
This option only affects video output drivers that perform color management.
If this option is set to ``auto`` (which is the default), the gamma will be set to BT.1886 for YCbCr content, sRGB for RGB content and Linear for XYZ content.
Available gamma functions are:
:auto: automatic selection (default) :bt.1886: ITU-R BT.1886 (EOTF corresponding to BT.601/BT.709/BT.2020) :srgb: IEC 61966-2-4 (sRGB) :linear: Linear light :gamma1.8: Pure power curve (gamma 1.8) :gamma2.2: Pure power curve (gamma 2.2) :gamma2.8: Pure power curve (gamma 2.8) :prophoto: ProPhoto RGB (ROMM) curve :pq: ITU-R BT.2100 PQ (Perceptual quantizer) curve :hlg: ITU-R BT.2100 HLG (Hybrid Log-gamma) curve :v-log: Panasonic V-Log transfer curve :s-log1: Sony S-Log1 transfer curve :s-log2: Sony S-Log2 transfer curve
``<sig-peak>`` Reference peak illumination for the video file, relative to the signal's reference white level. This is mostly interesting for HDR, but it can also be used tone map SDR content to simulate a different exposure. Normally inferred from tags such as MaxCLL or mastering metadata.
The default of 0.0 will default to the source's nominal peak luminance.
``<light>`` Light type of the scene. This is mostly correctly inferred based on the gamma function, but it can be useful to override this when viewing raw camera footage (e.g. V-Log), which is normally scene-referred instead of display-referred.
Available light types are:
:auto: Automatic selection (default) :display: Display-referred light (most content) :hlg: Scene-referred using the HLG OOTF (e.g. HLG content) :709-1886: Scene-referred using the BT709+BT1886 interaction :gamma1.2: Scene-referred using a pure power OOTF (gamma=1.2)
``<stereo-in>`` Set the stereo mode the video is assumed to be encoded in. Takes the same values as the ``--video-stereo-mode`` option.
``<stereo-out>`` Set the stereo mode the video should be displayed as. Takes the same values as the ``--video-stereo-mode`` option.
``<rotate>`` Set the rotation the video is assumed to be encoded with in degrees. The special value ``-1`` uses the input format.
``<dw>``, ``<dh>`` Set the display size. Note that setting the display size such that the video is scaled in both directions instead of just changing the aspect ratio is an implementation detail, and might change later.
``<dar>`` Set the display aspect ratio of the video frame. This is a float, but values such as ``[16:9]`` can be passed too (``[...]`` for quoting to prevent the option parser from interpreting the ``:`` character).
``<spherical-type>`` Type of the spherical projection:
:auto: As indicated by the file (default) :none: Normal video :equirect: Equirectangular :unknown: Unknown projection
``<spherical-yaw>``, ``<spherical-pitch>``, ``<spherical-roll>`` Reference angle in degree, if spherical video is used.
``lavfi=graph[:sws-flags[:o=opts]]`` Filter video using FFmpeg's libavfilter.
``<graph>`` The libavfilter graph string. The filter must have a single video input pad and a single video output pad.
See `<https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html>`_ for syntax and available filters.
.. warning::
If you want to use the full filter syntax with this option, you have to quote the filter graph in order to prevent mpv's syntax and the filter graph syntax from clashing. To prevent a quoting and escaping mess, consider using ``--lavfi-complex`` if you know which video track you want to use from the input file. (There is only one video track for nearly all video files anyway.)
.. admonition:: Examples
``--vf=lavfi=[gradfun=20:30,vflip]`` ``gradfun`` filter with nonsense parameters, followed by a ``vflip`` filter. (This demonstrates how libavfilter takes a graph and not just a single filter.) The filter graph string is quoted with ``[`` and ``]``. This requires no additional quoting or escaping with some shells (like bash), while others (like zsh) require additional ``"`` quotes around the option string.
``'--vf=lavfi="gradfun=20:30,vflip"'`` Same as before, but uses quoting that should be safe with all shells. The outer ``'`` quotes make sure that the shell does not remove the ``"`` quotes needed by mpv.
``'--vf=lavfi=graph="gradfun=radius=30:strength=20,vflip"'`` Same as before, but uses named parameters for everything.
``<sws-flags>`` If libavfilter inserts filters for pixel format conversion, this option gives the flags which should be passed to libswscale. This option is numeric and takes a bit-wise combination of ``SWS_`` flags.
See ``http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=blob;f=libswscale/swscale.h``.
``<o>`` Set AVFilterGraph options. These should be documented by FFmpeg.
.. admonition:: Example
``'--vf=lavfi=yadif:o="threads=2,thread_type=slice"'`` forces a specific threading configuration.
``sub=[=bottom-margin:top-margin]`` Moves subtitle rendering to an arbitrary point in the filter chain, or force subtitle rendering in the video filter as opposed to using video output OSD support.
``<bottom-margin>`` Adds a black band at the bottom of the frame. The SSA/ASS renderer can place subtitles there (with ``--sub-use-margins``). ``<top-margin>`` Black band on the top for toptitles (with ``--sub-use-margins``).
.. admonition:: Examples
``--vf=sub,eq`` Moves sub rendering before the eq filter. This will put both subtitle colors and video under the influence of the video equalizer settings.
``vapoursynth=file:buffered-frames:concurrent-frames`` Loads a VapourSynth filter script. This is intended for streamed processing: mpv actually provides a source filter, instead of using a native VapourSynth video source. The mpv source will answer frame requests only within a small window of frames (the size of this window is controlled with the ``buffered-frames`` parameter), and requests outside of that will return errors. As such, you can't use the full power of VapourSynth, but you can use certain filters.
If you just want to play video generated by a VapourSynth (i.e. using a native VapourSynth video source), it's better to use ``vspipe`` and a FIFO to feed the video to mpv. The same applies if the filter script requires random frame access (see ``buffered-frames`` parameter).
This filter is experimental. If it turns out that it works well and is used, it will be ported to libavfilter. Otherwise, it will be just removed.
``file`` Filename of the script source. Currently, this is always a python script. The variable ``video_in`` is set to the mpv video source, and it is expected that the script reads video from it. (Otherwise, mpv will decode no video, and the video packet queue will overflow, eventually leading to audio being stopped.) The script is also expected to pass through timestamps using the ``_DurationNum`` and ``_DurationDen`` frame properties.
.. admonition:: Example:
::
import vapoursynth as vs core = vs.get_core() core.std.AddBorders(video_in, 10, 10, 20, 20).set_output()
.. warning::
The script will be reloaded on every seek. This is done to reset the filter properly on discontinuities.
``buffered-frames`` Maximum number of decoded video frames that should be buffered before the filter (default: 4). This specifies the maximum number of frames the script can request in reverse direction. E.g. if ``buffered-frames=5``, and the script just requested frame 15, it can still request frame 10, but frame 9 is not available anymore. If it requests frame 30, mpv will decode 15 more frames, and keep only frames 25-30.
The actual number of buffered frames also depends on the value of the ``concurrent-frames`` option. Currently, both option values are multiplied to get the final buffer size.
(Normally, VapourSynth source filters must provide random access, but mpv was made for playback, and does not provide frame-exact random access. The way this video filter works is a compromise to make simple filters work anyway.)
``concurrent-frames`` Number of frames that should be requested in parallel. The level of concurrency depends on the filter and how quickly mpv can decode video to feed the filter. This value should probably be proportional to the number of cores on your machine. Most time, making it higher than the number of cores can actually make it slower.
By default, this uses the special value ``auto``, which sets the option to the number of detected logical CPU cores.
The following variables are defined by mpv:
``video_in`` The mpv video source as vapoursynth clip. Note that this has no length set, which confuses many filters. Using ``Trim`` on the clip with a high dummy length can turn it into a finite clip.
``video_in_dw``, ``video_in_dh`` Display size of the video. Can be different from video size if the video does not use square pixels (e.g. DVD).
``container_fps`` FPS value as reported by file headers. This value can be wrong or completely broken (e.g. 0 or NaN). Even if the value is correct, if another filter changes the real FPS (by dropping or inserting frames), the value of this variable might not be useful. Note that the ``--fps`` command line option overrides this value.
Useful for some filters which insist on having a FPS.
``display_fps`` Refresh rate of the current display. Note that this value can be 0.
``vapoursynth-lazy`` The same as ``vapoursynth``, but doesn't load Python scripts. Instead, a custom backend using Lua and the raw VapourSynth API is used. The syntax is completely different, and absolutely no convenience features are provided. There's no type checking either, and you can trigger crashes.
.. admonition:: Example:
::
video_out = invoke("morpho", "Open", {clip = video_in})
The special variable ``video_in`` is the mpv video source, while the special variable ``video_out`` is used to read video from. The 1st argument is the plugin (queried with ``getPluginByNs``), the 2nd is the filter name, and the 3rd argument is a table with the arguments. Positional arguments are not supported. The types must match exactly. Since Lua is terrible and can't distinguish integers and floats, integer arguments must be prefixed with ``i_``, in which case the prefix is removed and the argument is cast to an integer. Should the argument's name start with ``i_``, you're out of luck.
Clips (VSNodeRef) are passed as light userdata, so trying to pass any other userdata type will result in hard crashes.
``vavpp`` VA-AP-API video post processing. Works with ``--vo=vaapi`` and ``--vo=opengl`` only. Currently deinterlaces. This filter is automatically inserted if deinterlacing is requested (either using the ``d`` key, by default mapped to the command ``cycle deinterlace``, or the ``--deinterlace`` option).
``deint=<method>`` Select the deinterlacing algorithm.
no Don't perform deinterlacing. first-field Show only first field. bob bob deinterlacing (default). weave, motion-adaptive, motion-compensated Advanced deinterlacing algorithms. Whether these actually work depends on the GPU hardware, the GPU drivers, driver bugs, and mpv bugs.
``<interlaced-only>`` :no: Deinterlace all frames. :yes: Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced (default).
``reversal-bug=<yes|no>`` :no: Use the API as it was interpreted by older Mesa drivers. While this interpretation was more obvious and inuitive, it was apparently wrong, and not shared by Intel driver developers. :yes: Use Intel interpretation of surface forward and backwards references (default). This is what Intel drivers and newer Mesa drivers expect. Matters only for the advanced deinterlacing algorithms.
``vdpaupp`` VDPAU video post processing. Works with ``--vo=vdpau`` and ``--vo=opengl`` only. This filter is automatically inserted if deinterlacing is requested (either using the ``d`` key, by default mapped to the command ``cycle deinterlace``, or the ``--deinterlace`` option). When enabling deinterlacing, it is always preferred over software deinterlacer filters if the ``vdpau`` VO is used, and also if ``opengl`` is used and hardware decoding was activated at least once (i.e. vdpau was loaded).
``sharpen=<-1-1>`` For positive values, apply a sharpening algorithm to the video, for negative values a blurring algorithm (default: 0). ``denoise=<0-1>`` Apply a noise reduction algorithm to the video (default: 0; no noise reduction). ``deint=<yes|no>`` Whether deinterlacing is enabled (default: no). If enabled, it will use the mode selected with ``deint-mode``. ``deint-mode=<first-field|bob|temporal|temporal-spatial>`` Select deinterlacing mode (default: temporal).
Note that there's currently a mechanism that allows the ``vdpau`` VO to change the ``deint-mode`` of auto-inserted ``vdpaupp`` filters. To avoid confusion, it's recommended not to use the ``--vo=vdpau`` suboptions related to filtering.
first-field Show only first field. bob Bob deinterlacing. temporal Motion-adaptive temporal deinterlacing. May lead to A/V desync with slow video hardware and/or high resolution. temporal-spatial Motion-adaptive temporal deinterlacing with edge-guided spatial interpolation. Needs fast video hardware. ``chroma-deint`` Makes temporal deinterlacers operate both on luma and chroma (default). Use no-chroma-deint to solely use luma and speed up advanced deinterlacing. Useful with slow video memory. ``pullup`` Try to apply inverse telecine, needs motion adaptive temporal deinterlacing. ``interlaced-only=<yes|no>`` If ``yes`` (default), only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced. ``hqscaling=<0-9>`` 0 Use default VDPAU scaling (default). 1-9 Apply high quality VDPAU scaling (needs capable hardware).
``d3d11vpp`` Direct3D 11 video post processing. Currently requires D3D11 hardware decoding for use.
``deint=<yes|no>`` Whether deinterlacing is enabled (default: no). ``interlaced-only=<yes|no>`` If ``yes`` (default), only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced. ``mode=<blend|bob|adaptive|mocomp|ivctc|none>`` Tries to select a video processor with the given processing capability. If a video processor supports multiple capabilities, it is not clear which algorithm is actually selected. ``none`` always falls back. On most if not all hardware, this option will probably do nothing, because a video processor usually supports all modes or none.