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The agent that grows with you
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62 kB · 1580 lines
Python
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python3"""Code Execution Tool -- Programmatic Tool Calling (PTC)
Lets the LLM write a Python script that calls Hermes tools via RPC,collapsing multi-step tool chains into a single inference turn.
Architecture (two transports):
**Local backend (UDS):** 1. Parent generates a `hermes_tools.py` stub module with UDS RPC functions 2. Parent opens a Unix domain socket and starts an RPC listener thread 3. Parent spawns a child process that runs the LLM's script 4. Tool calls travel over the UDS back to the parent for dispatch
**Remote backends (file-based RPC):** 1. Parent generates `hermes_tools.py` with file-based RPC stubs 2. Parent ships both files to the remote environment 3. Script runs inside the terminal backend (Docker/SSH/Modal/Daytona/etc.) 4. Tool calls are written as request files; a polling thread on the parent reads them via env.execute(), dispatches, and writes response files 5. The script polls for response files and continues
In both cases, only the script's stdout is returned to the LLM; intermediatetool results never enter the context window.
Platform: Linux / macOS only (Unix domain sockets for local). Disabled on Windows.Remote execution additionally requires Python 3 in the terminal backend."""
import base64import functoolsimport jsonimport loggingimport osimport platformimport shleximport signalimport socketimport subprocessimport sysimport tempfileimport threadingimport timeimport uuid
_IS_WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
# Availability gate: UDS requires a POSIX OSlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SANDBOX_AVAILABLE = sys.platform != "win32"
# The 7 tools allowed inside the sandbox. The intersection of this list# and the session's enabled tools determines which stubs are generated.SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS = frozenset([ "web_search", "web_extract", "read_file", "write_file", "search_files", "patch", "terminal",])
# Resource limit defaults (overridable via config.yaml → code_execution.*)DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 300 # 5 minutesDEFAULT_MAX_TOOL_CALLS = 50MAX_STDOUT_BYTES = 50_000 # 50 KBMAX_STDERR_BYTES = 10_000 # 10 KB
def check_sandbox_requirements() -> bool: """Code execution sandbox requires a POSIX OS for Unix domain sockets.""" return SANDBOX_AVAILABLE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# hermes_tools.py code generator# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Per-tool stub templates: (function_name, signature, docstring, args_dict_expr)# The args_dict_expr builds the JSON payload sent over the RPC socket._TOOL_STUBS = { "web_search": ( "web_search", "query: str, limit: int = 5", '"""Search the web. Returns dict with data.web list of {url, title, description}."""', '{"query": query, "limit": limit}', ), "web_extract": ( "web_extract", "urls: list", '"""Extract content from URLs. Returns dict with results list of {url, title, content, error}."""', '{"urls": urls}', ), "read_file": ( "read_file", "path: str, offset: int = 1, limit: int = 500", '"""Read a file (1-indexed lines). Returns dict with "content" and "total_lines"."""', '{"path": path, "offset": offset, "limit": limit}', ), "write_file": ( "write_file", "path: str, content: str", '"""Write content to a file (always overwrites). Returns dict with status."""', '{"path": path, "content": content}', ), "search_files": ( "search_files", 'pattern: str, target: str = "content", path: str = ".", file_glob: str = None, limit: int = 50, offset: int = 0, output_mode: str = "content", context: int = 0', '"""Search file contents (target="content") or find files by name (target="files"). Returns dict with "matches"."""', '{"pattern": pattern, "target": target, "path": path, "file_glob": file_glob, "limit": limit, "offset": offset, "output_mode": output_mode, "context": context}', ), "patch": ( "patch", 'path: str = None, old_string: str = None, new_string: str = None, replace_all: bool = False, mode: str = "replace", patch: str = None', '"""Targeted find-and-replace (mode="replace") or V4A multi-file patches (mode="patch"). Returns dict with status."""', '{"path": path, "old_string": old_string, "new_string": new_string, "replace_all": replace_all, "mode": mode, "patch": patch}', ), "terminal": ( "terminal", "command: str, timeout: int = None, workdir: str = None", '"""Run a shell command (foreground only). Returns dict with "output" and "exit_code"."""', '{"command": command, "timeout": timeout, "workdir": workdir}', ),}
def generate_hermes_tools_module(enabled_tools: List[str], transport: str = "uds") -> str: """ Build the source code for the hermes_tools.py stub module.
Only tools in both SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS and enabled_tools get stubs.
Args: enabled_tools: Tool names enabled in the current session. transport: ``"uds"`` for Unix domain socket (local backend) or ``"file"`` for file-based RPC (remote backends). """ tools_to_generate = sorted(SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS & set(enabled_tools))
stub_functions = [] export_names = [] for tool_name in tools_to_generate: if tool_name not in _TOOL_STUBS: continue func_name, sig, doc, args_expr = _TOOL_STUBS[tool_name] stub_functions.append( f"def {func_name}({sig}):\n" f" {doc}\n" f" return _call({func_name!r}, {args_expr})\n" ) export_names.append(func_name)
if transport == "file": header = _FILE_TRANSPORT_HEADER else: header = _UDS_TRANSPORT_HEADER
return header + "\n".join(stub_functions)
# ---- Shared helpers section (embedded in both transport headers) ----------
_COMMON_HELPERS = '''\
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# Convenience helpers (avoid common scripting pitfalls)# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def json_parse(text: str): """Parse JSON tolerant of control characters (strict=False). Use this instead of json.loads() when parsing output from terminal() or web_extract() that may contain raw tabs/newlines in strings.""" return json.loads(text, strict=False)
def shell_quote(s: str) -> str: """Shell-escape a string for safe interpolation into commands. Use this when inserting dynamic content into terminal() commands: terminal(f"echo {shell_quote(user_input)}") """ return shlex.quote(s)
def retry(fn, max_attempts=3, delay=2): """Retry a function up to max_attempts times with exponential backoff. Use for transient failures (network errors, API rate limits): result = retry(lambda: terminal("gh issue list ...")) """ last_err = None for attempt in range(max_attempts): try: return fn() except Exception as e: last_err = e if attempt < max_attempts - 1: time.sleep(delay * (2 ** attempt)) raise last_err
'''
# ---- UDS transport (local backend) ---------------------------------------
_UDS_TRANSPORT_HEADER = '''\"""Auto-generated Hermes tools RPC stubs."""import json, os, socket, shlex, time
_sock = None''' + _COMMON_HELPERS + '''\
def _connect(): global _sock if _sock is None: _sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) _sock.connect(os.environ["HERMES_RPC_SOCKET"]) _sock.settimeout(300) return _sock
def _call(tool_name, args): """Send a tool call to the parent process and return the parsed result.""" conn = _connect() request = json.dumps({"tool": tool_name, "args": args}) + "\\n" conn.sendall(request.encode()) buf = b"" while True: chunk = conn.recv(65536) if not chunk: raise RuntimeError("Agent process disconnected") buf += chunk if buf.endswith(b"\\n"): break raw = buf.decode().strip() result = json.loads(raw) if isinstance(result, str): try: return json.loads(result) except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError): return result return result
'''
# ---- File-based transport (remote backends) -------------------------------
_FILE_TRANSPORT_HEADER = '''\"""Auto-generated Hermes tools RPC stubs (file-based transport)."""import json, os, shlex, tempfile, time
_RPC_DIR = os.environ.get("HERMES_RPC_DIR") or os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "hermes_rpc")_seq = 0''' + _COMMON_HELPERS + '''\
def _call(tool_name, args): """Send a tool call request via file-based RPC and wait for response.""" global _seq _seq += 1 seq_str = f"{_seq:06d}" req_file = os.path.join(_RPC_DIR, f"req_{seq_str}") res_file = os.path.join(_RPC_DIR, f"res_{seq_str}")
# Write request atomically (write to .tmp, then rename) tmp = req_file + ".tmp" with open(tmp, "w") as f: json.dump({"tool": tool_name, "args": args, "seq": _seq}, f) os.rename(tmp, req_file)
# Wait for response with adaptive polling deadline = time.monotonic() + 300 # 5-minute timeout per tool call poll_interval = 0.05 # Start at 50ms while not os.path.exists(res_file): if time.monotonic() > deadline: raise RuntimeError(f"RPC timeout: no response for {tool_name} after 300s") time.sleep(poll_interval) poll_interval = min(poll_interval * 1.2, 0.25) # Back off to 250ms
with open(res_file) as f: raw = f.read()
# Clean up response file try: os.unlink(res_file) except OSError: pass
result = json.loads(raw) if isinstance(result, str): try: return json.loads(result) except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError): return result return result
'''
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# RPC server (runs in a thread inside the parent process)# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Terminal parameters that must not be used from ephemeral sandbox scripts_TERMINAL_BLOCKED_PARAMS = {"background", "pty", "notify_on_complete", "watch_patterns"}
def _rpc_server_loop( server_sock: socket.socket, task_id: str, tool_call_log: list, tool_call_counter: list, # mutable [int] so the thread can increment max_tool_calls: int, allowed_tools: frozenset,): """ Accept one client connection and dispatch tool-call requests until the client disconnects or the call limit is reached. """ from model_tools import handle_function_call
conn = None try: server_sock.settimeout(5) conn, _ = server_sock.accept() conn.settimeout(300)
buf = b"" while True: try: chunk = conn.recv(65536) except socket.timeout: break if not chunk: break buf += chunk
# Process all complete newline-delimited messages in the buffer while b"\n" in buf: line, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1) line = line.strip() if not line: continue
call_start = time.monotonic() try: request = json.loads(line.decode()) except (json.JSONDecodeError, UnicodeDecodeError) as exc: resp = tool_error(f"Invalid RPC request: {exc}") conn.sendall((resp + "\n").encode()) continue
tool_name = request.get("tool", "") tool_args = request.get("args", {})
# Enforce the allow-list if tool_name not in allowed_tools: available = ", ".join(sorted(allowed_tools)) resp = json.dumps({ "error": ( f"Tool '{tool_name}' is not available in execute_code. " f"Available: {available}" ) }) conn.sendall((resp + "\n").encode()) continue
# Enforce tool call limit if tool_call_counter[0] >= max_tool_calls: resp = json.dumps({ "error": ( f"Tool call limit reached ({max_tool_calls}). " "No more tool calls allowed in this execution." ) }) conn.sendall((resp + "\n").encode()) continue
# Strip forbidden terminal parameters if tool_name == "terminal" and isinstance(tool_args, dict): for param in _TERMINAL_BLOCKED_PARAMS: tool_args.pop(param, None)
# Dispatch through the standard tool handler. # Suppress stdout/stderr from internal tool handlers so # their status prints don't leak into the CLI spinner. try: _real_stdout, _real_stderr = sys.stdout, sys.stderr devnull = open(os.devnull, "w") try: sys.stdout = devnull sys.stderr = devnull result = handle_function_call( tool_name, tool_args, task_id=task_id ) finally: sys.stdout, sys.stderr = _real_stdout, _real_stderr devnull.close() except Exception as exc: logger.error("Tool call failed in sandbox: %s", exc, exc_info=True) result = tool_error(str(exc))
tool_call_counter[0] += 1 call_duration = time.monotonic() - call_start
# Log for observability args_preview = str(tool_args)[:80] tool_call_log.append({ "tool": tool_name, "args_preview": args_preview, "duration": round(call_duration, 2), })
conn.sendall((result + "\n").encode())
except socket.timeout: logger.debug("RPC listener socket timeout") except OSError as e: logger.debug("RPC listener socket error: %s", e, exc_info=True) finally: if conn: try: conn.close() except OSError as e: logger.debug("RPC conn close error: %s", e)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# Remote execution support (file-based RPC via terminal backend)# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _get_or_create_env(task_id: str): """Get or create the terminal environment for *task_id*.
Reuses the same environment (container/sandbox/SSH session) that the terminal and file tools use, creating one if it doesn't exist yet. Returns ``(env, env_type)`` tuple. """ from tools.terminal_tool import ( _active_environments, _env_lock, _create_environment, _get_env_config, _last_activity, _start_cleanup_thread, _creation_locks, _creation_locks_lock, _task_env_overrides, _resolve_container_task_id, )
effective_task_id = _resolve_container_task_id(task_id)
# Fast path: environment already exists with _env_lock: if effective_task_id in _active_environments: _last_activity[effective_task_id] = time.time() return _active_environments[effective_task_id], _get_env_config()["env_type"]
# Slow path: create environment (same pattern as file_tools._get_file_ops) with _creation_locks_lock: if effective_task_id not in _creation_locks: _creation_locks[effective_task_id] = threading.Lock() task_lock = _creation_locks[effective_task_id]
with task_lock: with _env_lock: if effective_task_id in _active_environments: _last_activity[effective_task_id] = time.time() return _active_environments[effective_task_id], _get_env_config()["env_type"]
config = _get_env_config() env_type = config["env_type"] overrides = _task_env_overrides.get(effective_task_id, {})
if env_type == "docker": image = overrides.get("docker_image") or config["docker_image"] elif env_type == "singularity": image = overrides.get("singularity_image") or config["singularity_image"] elif env_type == "modal": image = overrides.get("modal_image") or config["modal_image"] elif env_type == "daytona": image = overrides.get("daytona_image") or config["daytona_image"] else: image = ""
cwd = overrides.get("cwd") or config["cwd"]
container_config = None if env_type in ("docker", "singularity", "modal", "daytona"): container_config = { "container_cpu": config.get("container_cpu", 1), "container_memory": config.get("container_memory", 5120), "container_disk": config.get("container_disk", 51200), "container_persistent": config.get("container_persistent", True), "docker_volumes": config.get("docker_volumes", []), }
ssh_config = None if env_type == "ssh": ssh_config = { "host": config.get("ssh_host", ""), "user": config.get("ssh_user", ""), "port": config.get("ssh_port", 22), "key": config.get("ssh_key", ""), "persistent": config.get("ssh_persistent", False), }
local_config = None if env_type == "local": local_config = { "persistent": config.get("local_persistent", False), }
logger.info("Creating new %s environment for execute_code task %s...", env_type, effective_task_id[:8]) env = _create_environment( env_type=env_type, image=image, cwd=cwd, timeout=config["timeout"], ssh_config=ssh_config, container_config=container_config, local_config=local_config, task_id=effective_task_id, host_cwd=config.get("host_cwd"), )
with _env_lock: _active_environments[effective_task_id] = env _last_activity[effective_task_id] = time.time()
_start_cleanup_thread() logger.info("%s environment ready for execute_code task %s", env_type, effective_task_id[:8]) return env, env_type
def _ship_file_to_remote(env, remote_path: str, content: str) -> None: """Write *content* to *remote_path* on the remote environment.
Uses ``echo … | base64 -d`` rather than stdin piping because some backends (Modal) don't reliably deliver stdin_data to chained commands. Base64 output is shell-safe ([A-Za-z0-9+/=]) so single quotes are fine. """ encoded = base64.b64encode(content.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii") quoted_remote_path = shlex.quote(remote_path) env.execute( f"echo '{encoded}' | base64 -d > {quoted_remote_path}", cwd="/", timeout=30, )
def _env_temp_dir(env: Any) -> str: """Return a writable temp dir for env-backed execute_code sandboxes.""" get_temp_dir = getattr(env, "get_temp_dir", None) if callable(get_temp_dir): try: temp_dir = get_temp_dir() if isinstance(temp_dir, str) and temp_dir.startswith("/"): return temp_dir.rstrip("/") or "/" except Exception as exc: logger.debug("Could not resolve execute_code env temp dir: %s", exc) candidate = tempfile.gettempdir() if isinstance(candidate, str) and candidate.startswith("/"): return candidate.rstrip("/") or "/" return "/tmp"
def _rpc_poll_loop( env, rpc_dir: str, task_id: str, tool_call_log: list, tool_call_counter: list, max_tool_calls: int, allowed_tools: frozenset, stop_event: threading.Event,): """Poll the remote filesystem for tool call requests and dispatch them.
Runs in a background thread. Each ``env.execute()`` spawns an independent process, so these calls run safely concurrent with the script-execution thread. """ from model_tools import handle_function_call
poll_interval = 0.1 # 100 ms
quoted_rpc_dir = shlex.quote(rpc_dir) while not stop_event.is_set(): try: # List pending request files (skip .tmp partials) ls_result = env.execute( f"ls -1 {quoted_rpc_dir}/req_* 2>/dev/null || true", cwd="/", timeout=10, ) output = ls_result.get("output", "").strip() if not output: stop_event.wait(poll_interval) continue
req_files = sorted([ f.strip() for f in output.split("\n") if f.strip() and not f.strip().endswith(".tmp") and "/req_" in f.strip() ])
for req_file in req_files: if stop_event.is_set(): break
call_start = time.monotonic()
quoted_req_file = shlex.quote(req_file) # Read request read_result = env.execute( f"cat {quoted_req_file}", cwd="/", timeout=10, ) try: request = json.loads(read_result.get("output", "")) except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError): logger.debug("Malformed RPC request in %s", req_file) # Remove bad request to avoid infinite retry env.execute(f"rm -f {quoted_req_file}", cwd="/", timeout=5) continue
tool_name = request.get("tool", "") tool_args = request.get("args", {}) seq = request.get("seq", 0) seq_str = f"{seq:06d}" res_file = f"{rpc_dir}/res_{seq_str}" quoted_res_file = shlex.quote(res_file)
# Enforce allow-list if tool_name not in allowed_tools: available = ", ".join(sorted(allowed_tools)) tool_result = json.dumps({ "error": ( f"Tool '{tool_name}' is not available in execute_code. " f"Available: {available}" ) }) # Enforce tool call limit elif tool_call_counter[0] >= max_tool_calls: tool_result = json.dumps({ "error": ( f"Tool call limit reached ({max_tool_calls}). " "No more tool calls allowed in this execution." ) }) else: # Strip forbidden terminal parameters if tool_name == "terminal" and isinstance(tool_args, dict): for param in _TERMINAL_BLOCKED_PARAMS: tool_args.pop(param, None)
# Dispatch through the standard tool handler try: _real_stdout, _real_stderr = sys.stdout, sys.stderr devnull = open(os.devnull, "w") try: sys.stdout = devnull sys.stderr = devnull tool_result = handle_function_call( tool_name, tool_args, task_id=task_id ) finally: sys.stdout, sys.stderr = _real_stdout, _real_stderr devnull.close() except Exception as exc: logger.error("Tool call failed in remote sandbox: %s", exc, exc_info=True) tool_result = tool_error(str(exc))
tool_call_counter[0] += 1 call_duration = time.monotonic() - call_start tool_call_log.append({ "tool": tool_name, "args_preview": str(tool_args)[:80], "duration": round(call_duration, 2), })
# Write response atomically (tmp + rename). # Use echo piping (not stdin_data) because Modal doesn't # reliably deliver stdin to chained commands. encoded_result = base64.b64encode( tool_result.encode("utf-8") ).decode("ascii") env.execute( f"echo '{encoded_result}' | base64 -d > {quoted_res_file}.tmp" f" && mv {quoted_res_file}.tmp {quoted_res_file}", cwd="/", timeout=60, )
# Remove the request file env.execute(f"rm -f {quoted_req_file}", cwd="/", timeout=5)
except Exception as e: if not stop_event.is_set(): logger.debug("RPC poll error: %s", e, exc_info=True)
if not stop_event.is_set(): stop_event.wait(poll_interval)
def _execute_remote( code: str, task_id: Optional[str], enabled_tools: Optional[List[str]],) -> str: """Run a script on the remote terminal backend via file-based RPC.
The script and the generated hermes_tools.py module are shipped to the remote environment, and tool calls are proxied through a polling thread that communicates via request/response files. """
_cfg = _load_config() timeout = _cfg.get("timeout", DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) max_tool_calls = _cfg.get("max_tool_calls", DEFAULT_MAX_TOOL_CALLS)
session_tools = set(enabled_tools) if enabled_tools else set() sandbox_tools = frozenset(SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS & session_tools) if not sandbox_tools: sandbox_tools = SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS
effective_task_id = task_id or "default" env, env_type = _get_or_create_env(effective_task_id)
sandbox_id = uuid.uuid4().hex[:12] temp_dir = _env_temp_dir(env) sandbox_dir = f"{temp_dir}/hermes_exec_{sandbox_id}" quoted_sandbox_dir = shlex.quote(sandbox_dir) quoted_rpc_dir = shlex.quote(f"{sandbox_dir}/rpc")
tool_call_log: list = [] tool_call_counter = [0] exec_start = time.monotonic() stop_event = threading.Event() rpc_thread = None
try: # Verify Python is available on the remote py_check = env.execute( "command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo OK", cwd="/", timeout=15, ) if "OK" not in py_check.get("output", ""): return json.dumps({ "status": "error", "error": ( f"Python 3 is not available in the {env_type} terminal " "environment. Install Python to use execute_code with " "remote backends." ), "tool_calls_made": 0, "duration_seconds": 0, })
# Create sandbox directory on remote env.execute( f"mkdir -p {quoted_rpc_dir}", cwd="/", timeout=10, )
# Generate and ship files tools_src = generate_hermes_tools_module( list(sandbox_tools), transport="file", ) _ship_file_to_remote(env, f"{sandbox_dir}/hermes_tools.py", tools_src) _ship_file_to_remote(env, f"{sandbox_dir}/script.py", code)
# Start RPC polling thread rpc_thread = threading.Thread( target=_rpc_poll_loop, args=( env, f"{sandbox_dir}/rpc", effective_task_id, tool_call_log, tool_call_counter, max_tool_calls, sandbox_tools, stop_event, ), daemon=True, ) rpc_thread.start()
# Build environment variable prefix for the script env_prefix = ( f"HERMES_RPC_DIR={shlex.quote(f'{sandbox_dir}/rpc')} " f"PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1" ) tz = os.getenv("HERMES_TIMEZONE", "").strip() if tz: env_prefix += f" TZ={tz}"
# Execute the script on the remote backend logger.info("Executing code on %s backend (task %s)...", env_type, effective_task_id[:8]) script_result = env.execute( f"cd {quoted_sandbox_dir} && {env_prefix} python3 script.py", timeout=timeout, )
stdout_text = script_result.get("output", "") exit_code = script_result.get("returncode", -1) status = "success"
# Check for timeout/interrupt from the backend if exit_code == 124: status = "timeout" elif exit_code == 130: status = "interrupted"
except Exception as exc: duration = round(time.monotonic() - exec_start, 2) logger.error( "execute_code remote failed after %ss with %d tool calls: %s: %s", duration, tool_call_counter[0], type(exc).__name__, exc, exc_info=True, ) return json.dumps({ "status": "error", "error": str(exc), "tool_calls_made": tool_call_counter[0], "duration_seconds": duration, }, ensure_ascii=False)
finally: # Stop the polling thread stop_event.set() if rpc_thread is not None: rpc_thread.join(timeout=5)
# Clean up remote sandbox dir try: env.execute( f"rm -rf {quoted_sandbox_dir}", cwd="/", timeout=15, ) except Exception: logger.debug("Failed to clean up remote sandbox %s", sandbox_dir)
duration = round(time.monotonic() - exec_start, 2)
# --- Post-process output (same as local path) ---
# Truncate stdout to cap if len(stdout_text) > MAX_STDOUT_BYTES: head_bytes = int(MAX_STDOUT_BYTES * 0.4) tail_bytes = MAX_STDOUT_BYTES - head_bytes head = stdout_text[:head_bytes] tail = stdout_text[-tail_bytes:] omitted = len(stdout_text) - len(head) - len(tail) stdout_text = ( head + f"\n\n... [OUTPUT TRUNCATED - {omitted:,} chars omitted " f"out of {len(stdout_text):,} total] ...\n\n" + tail )
# Strip ANSI escape sequences from tools.ansi_strip import strip_ansi stdout_text = strip_ansi(stdout_text)
# Redact secrets from agent.redact import redact_sensitive_text stdout_text = redact_sensitive_text(stdout_text)
# Build response result: Dict[str, Any] = { "status": status, "output": stdout_text, "tool_calls_made": tool_call_counter[0], "duration_seconds": duration, }
if status == "timeout": timeout_msg = f"Script timed out after {timeout}s and was killed." result["error"] = timeout_msg # Include timeout message in output so the LLM always surfaces it # to the user (see local path comment — same reasoning, #10807). if stdout_text: result["output"] = stdout_text + f"\n\n⏰ {timeout_msg}" else: result["output"] = f"⏰ {timeout_msg}" logger.warning( "execute_code (remote) timed out after %ss (limit %ss) with %d tool calls", duration, timeout, tool_call_counter[0], ) elif status == "interrupted": result["output"] = ( stdout_text + "\n[execution interrupted — user sent a new message]" ) elif exit_code != 0: result["status"] = "error" result["error"] = f"Script exited with code {exit_code}"
return json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# Main entry point# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def execute_code( code: str, task_id: Optional[str] = None, enabled_tools: Optional[List[str]] = None,) -> str: """ Run a Python script in a sandboxed child process with RPC access to a subset of Hermes tools.
Dispatches to the local (UDS) or remote (file-based RPC) path depending on the configured terminal backend.
Args: code: Python source code to execute. task_id: Session task ID for tool isolation (terminal env, etc.). enabled_tools: Tool names enabled in the current session. The sandbox gets the intersection with SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS.
Returns: JSON string with execution results. """ if not SANDBOX_AVAILABLE: return json.dumps({ "error": "execute_code is not available on Windows. Use normal tool calls instead." })
if not code or not code.strip(): return tool_error("No code provided.")
# Dispatch: remote backends use file-based RPC, local uses UDS from tools.terminal_tool import _get_env_config env_type = _get_env_config()["env_type"] if env_type != "local": return _execute_remote(code, task_id, enabled_tools)
# --- Local execution path (UDS) --- below this line is unchanged ---
# Import per-thread interrupt check (cooperative cancellation) from tools.interrupt import is_interrupted as _is_interrupted
# Resolve config _cfg = _load_config() timeout = _cfg.get("timeout", DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) max_tool_calls = _cfg.get("max_tool_calls", DEFAULT_MAX_TOOL_CALLS)
# Determine which tools the sandbox can call session_tools = set(enabled_tools) if enabled_tools else set() sandbox_tools = frozenset(SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS & session_tools)
if not sandbox_tools: sandbox_tools = SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS
# --- Set up temp directory with hermes_tools.py and script.py --- tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="hermes_sandbox_") # Use /tmp on macOS to avoid the long /var/folders/... path that pushes # Unix domain socket paths past the 104-byte macOS AF_UNIX limit. # On Linux, tempfile.gettempdir() already returns /tmp. _sock_tmpdir = "/tmp" if sys.platform == "darwin" else tempfile.gettempdir() sock_path = os.path.join(_sock_tmpdir, f"hermes_rpc_{uuid.uuid4().hex}.sock")
tool_call_log: list = [] tool_call_counter = [0] # mutable so the RPC thread can increment exec_start = time.monotonic() server_sock = None
try: # Write the auto-generated hermes_tools module # sandbox_tools is already the correct set (intersection with session # tools, or SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS as fallback — see lines above). tools_src = generate_hermes_tools_module(list(sandbox_tools)) with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, "hermes_tools.py"), "w") as f: f.write(tools_src)
# Write the user's script with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, "script.py"), "w") as f: f.write(code)
# --- Start UDS server --- server_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) server_sock.bind(sock_path) os.chmod(sock_path, 0o600) server_sock.listen(1)
rpc_thread = threading.Thread( target=_rpc_server_loop, args=( server_sock, task_id, tool_call_log, tool_call_counter, max_tool_calls, sandbox_tools, ), daemon=True, ) rpc_thread.start()
# --- Spawn child process --- # Build a minimal environment for the child. We intentionally exclude # API keys and tokens to prevent credential exfiltration from LLM- # generated scripts. The child accesses tools via RPC, not direct API. # Exception: env vars declared by loaded skills (via env_passthrough # registry) or explicitly allowed by the user in config.yaml # (terminal.env_passthrough) are passed through. _SAFE_ENV_PREFIXES = ("PATH", "HOME", "USER", "LANG", "LC_", "TERM", "TMPDIR", "TMP", "TEMP", "SHELL", "LOGNAME", "XDG_", "PYTHONPATH", "VIRTUAL_ENV", "CONDA", "HERMES_") _SECRET_SUBSTRINGS = ("KEY", "TOKEN", "SECRET", "PASSWORD", "CREDENTIAL", "PASSWD", "AUTH") try: from tools.env_passthrough import is_env_passthrough as _is_passthrough except Exception: _is_passthrough = lambda _: False # noqa: E731 child_env = {} for k, v in os.environ.items(): # Passthrough vars (skill-declared or user-configured) always pass. if _is_passthrough(k): child_env[k] = v continue # Block vars with secret-like names. if any(s in k.upper() for s in _SECRET_SUBSTRINGS): continue # Allow vars with known safe prefixes. if any(k.startswith(p) for p in _SAFE_ENV_PREFIXES): child_env[k] = v child_env["HERMES_RPC_SOCKET"] = sock_path child_env["PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE"] = "1" # Ensure the hermes-agent root is importable in the sandbox so # repo-root modules are available to child scripts. We also prepend # the staging tmpdir so ``from hermes_tools import ...`` resolves even # when the subprocess CWD is not tmpdir (project mode). _hermes_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) _existing_pp = child_env.get("PYTHONPATH", "") _pp_parts = [tmpdir, _hermes_root] if _existing_pp: _pp_parts.append(_existing_pp) child_env["PYTHONPATH"] = os.pathsep.join(_pp_parts) # Inject user's configured timezone so datetime.now() in sandboxed # code reflects the correct wall-clock time. Only TZ is set — # HERMES_TIMEZONE is an internal Hermes setting and must not leak # into child processes. _tz_name = os.getenv("HERMES_TIMEZONE", "").strip() if _tz_name: child_env["TZ"] = _tz_name child_env.pop("HERMES_TIMEZONE", None)
# Per-profile HOME isolation: redirect system tool configs into # {HERMES_HOME}/home/ when that directory exists. from hermes_constants import get_subprocess_home _profile_home = get_subprocess_home() if _profile_home: child_env["HOME"] = _profile_home
# Resolve interpreter + CWD based on execute_code mode. # - strict : today's behavior (sys.executable + tmpdir CWD). # - project: user's venv python + session's working directory, so # project deps like pandas and user files resolve. # Env scrubbing and tool whitelist apply identically in both modes. _mode = _get_execution_mode() _child_python = _resolve_child_python(_mode) _child_cwd = _resolve_child_cwd(_mode, tmpdir) _script_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "script.py")
proc = subprocess.Popen( [_child_python, _script_path], cwd=_child_cwd, env=child_env, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, preexec_fn=None if _IS_WINDOWS else os.setsid, )
# --- Poll loop: watch for exit, timeout, and interrupt --- deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout stderr_chunks: list = []
# Background readers to avoid pipe buffer deadlocks. # For stdout we use a head+tail strategy: keep the first HEAD_BYTES # and a rolling window of the last TAIL_BYTES so the final print() # output is never lost. Stderr keeps head-only (errors appear early). _STDOUT_HEAD_BYTES = int(MAX_STDOUT_BYTES * 0.4) # 40% head _STDOUT_TAIL_BYTES = MAX_STDOUT_BYTES - _STDOUT_HEAD_BYTES # 60% tail
def _drain(pipe, chunks, max_bytes): """Simple head-only drain (used for stderr).""" total = 0 try: while True: data = pipe.read(4096) if not data: break if total < max_bytes: keep = max_bytes - total chunks.append(data[:keep]) total += len(data) except (ValueError, OSError) as e: logger.debug("Error reading process output: %s", e, exc_info=True)
stdout_total_bytes = [0] # mutable ref for total bytes seen
def _drain_head_tail(pipe, head_chunks, tail_chunks, head_bytes, tail_bytes, total_ref): """Drain stdout keeping both head and tail data.""" head_collected = 0 from collections import deque tail_buf = deque() tail_collected = 0 try: while True: data = pipe.read(4096) if not data: break total_ref[0] += len(data) # Fill head buffer first if head_collected < head_bytes: keep = min(len(data), head_bytes - head_collected) head_chunks.append(data[:keep]) head_collected += keep data = data[keep:] # remaining goes to tail if not data: continue # Everything past head goes into rolling tail buffer tail_buf.append(data) tail_collected += len(data) # Evict old tail data to stay within tail_bytes budget while tail_collected > tail_bytes and tail_buf: oldest = tail_buf.popleft() tail_collected -= len(oldest) except (ValueError, OSError): pass # Transfer final tail to output list tail_chunks.extend(tail_buf)
stdout_head_chunks: list = [] stdout_tail_chunks: list = []
stdout_reader = threading.Thread( target=_drain_head_tail, args=(proc.stdout, stdout_head_chunks, stdout_tail_chunks, _STDOUT_HEAD_BYTES, _STDOUT_TAIL_BYTES, stdout_total_bytes), daemon=True ) stderr_reader = threading.Thread( target=_drain, args=(proc.stderr, stderr_chunks, MAX_STDERR_BYTES), daemon=True ) stdout_reader.start() stderr_reader.start()
status = "success" _activity_state = { "last_touch": time.monotonic(), "start": exec_start, } while proc.poll() is None: if _is_interrupted(): _kill_process_group(proc) status = "interrupted" break if time.monotonic() > deadline: _kill_process_group(proc, escalate=True) status = "timeout" break # Periodic activity touch so the gateway's inactivity timeout # doesn't kill the agent during long code execution (#10807). try: from tools.environments.base import touch_activity_if_due touch_activity_if_due(_activity_state, "execute_code running") except Exception: pass time.sleep(0.2)
# Wait for readers to finish draining stdout_reader.join(timeout=3) stderr_reader.join(timeout=3)
stdout_head = b"".join(stdout_head_chunks).decode("utf-8", errors="replace") stdout_tail = b"".join(stdout_tail_chunks).decode("utf-8", errors="replace") stderr_text = b"".join(stderr_chunks).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
# Assemble stdout with head+tail truncation total_stdout = stdout_total_bytes[0] if total_stdout > MAX_STDOUT_BYTES and stdout_tail: omitted = total_stdout - len(stdout_head) - len(stdout_tail) truncated_notice = ( f"\n\n... [OUTPUT TRUNCATED - {omitted:,} chars omitted " f"out of {total_stdout:,} total] ...\n\n" ) stdout_text = stdout_head + truncated_notice + stdout_tail else: stdout_text = stdout_head + stdout_tail
exit_code = proc.returncode if proc.returncode is not None else -1 duration = round(time.monotonic() - exec_start, 2)
# Wait for RPC thread to finish server_sock.close() # break accept() so thread exits promptly server_sock = None # prevent double close in finally rpc_thread.join(timeout=3)
# Strip ANSI escape sequences so the model never sees terminal # formatting — prevents it from copying escapes into file writes. from tools.ansi_strip import strip_ansi stdout_text = strip_ansi(stdout_text) stderr_text = strip_ansi(stderr_text)
# Redact secrets (API keys, tokens, etc.) from sandbox output. # The sandbox env-var filter (lines 434-454) blocks os.environ access, # but scripts can still read secrets from disk (e.g. open('~/.hermes/.env')). # This ensures leaked secrets never enter the model context. from agent.redact import redact_sensitive_text stdout_text = redact_sensitive_text(stdout_text) stderr_text = redact_sensitive_text(stderr_text)
# Build response result: Dict[str, Any] = { "status": status, "output": stdout_text, "tool_calls_made": tool_call_counter[0], "duration_seconds": duration, }
if status == "timeout": timeout_msg = f"Script timed out after {timeout}s and was killed." result["error"] = timeout_msg # Include timeout message in output so the LLM always surfaces it # to the user. When output is empty, models often treat the result # as "nothing happened" and produce an empty response, which the # gateway stream consumer silently drops (#10807). if stdout_text: result["output"] = stdout_text + f"\n\n⏰ {timeout_msg}" else: result["output"] = f"⏰ {timeout_msg}" logger.warning( "execute_code timed out after %ss (limit %ss) with %d tool calls", duration, timeout, tool_call_counter[0], ) elif status == "interrupted": result["output"] = stdout_text + "\n[execution interrupted — user sent a new message]" elif exit_code != 0: result["status"] = "error" result["error"] = stderr_text or f"Script exited with code {exit_code}" # Include stderr in output so the LLM sees the traceback if stderr_text: result["output"] = stdout_text + "\n--- stderr ---\n" + stderr_text
return json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False)
except Exception as exc: duration = round(time.monotonic() - exec_start, 2) logger.error( "execute_code failed after %ss with %d tool calls: %s: %s", duration, tool_call_counter[0], type(exc).__name__, exc, exc_info=True, ) return json.dumps({ "status": "error", "error": str(exc), "tool_calls_made": tool_call_counter[0], "duration_seconds": duration, }, ensure_ascii=False)
finally: # Cleanup temp dir and socket if server_sock is not None: try: server_sock.close() except OSError as e: logger.debug("Server socket close error: %s", e) import shutil shutil.rmtree(tmpdir, ignore_errors=True) try: os.unlink(sock_path) except OSError: pass # already cleaned up or never created
def _kill_process_group(proc, escalate: bool = False): """Kill the child and its entire process group.""" try: if _IS_WINDOWS: proc.terminate() else: os.killpg(os.getpgid(proc.pid), signal.SIGTERM) except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError) as e: logger.debug("Could not kill process group: %s", e, exc_info=True) try: proc.kill() except Exception as e2: logger.debug("Could not kill process: %s", e2, exc_info=True)
if escalate: # Give the process 5s to exit after SIGTERM, then SIGKILL try: proc.wait(timeout=5) except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: try: if _IS_WINDOWS: proc.kill() else: os.killpg(os.getpgid(proc.pid), signal.SIGKILL) except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError) as e: logger.debug("Could not kill process group with SIGKILL: %s", e, exc_info=True) try: proc.kill() except Exception as e2: logger.debug("Could not kill process: %s", e2, exc_info=True)
def _load_config() -> dict: """Load code_execution config from CLI_CONFIG if available.""" try: from cli import CLI_CONFIG return CLI_CONFIG.get("code_execution", {}) except Exception: return {}
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# Execution mode resolution (strict vs project)# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Valid values for code_execution.mode. Kept as a module constant so tests# and the config layer can reference the canonical set.EXECUTION_MODES = ("project", "strict")DEFAULT_EXECUTION_MODE = "project"
def _get_execution_mode() -> str: """Return the active execute_code mode — 'project' or 'strict'.
Reads ``code_execution.mode`` from config.yaml; invalid values fall back to ``DEFAULT_EXECUTION_MODE`` ('project') with a log warning.
Mode semantics: - ``project`` (default): scripts run in the session's working directory with the active virtual environment's python, so project dependencies (pandas, torch, project packages) and files resolve naturally. - ``strict``: scripts run in an isolated temp directory with ``sys.executable`` (hermes-agent's python). Reproducible and the interpreter is guaranteed to work, but project deps and relative paths won't resolve.
Env scrubbing and tool whitelist apply identically in both modes. """ cfg_value = str(_load_config().get("mode", DEFAULT_EXECUTION_MODE)).strip().lower() if cfg_value in EXECUTION_MODES: return cfg_value logger.warning( "Ignoring code_execution.mode=%r (expected one of %s), falling back to %r", cfg_value, EXECUTION_MODES, DEFAULT_EXECUTION_MODE, ) return DEFAULT_EXECUTION_MODE
@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=32)def _is_usable_python(python_path: str) -> bool: """Check whether a candidate Python interpreter is usable for execute_code.
Requires Python 3.8+ (f-strings and stdlib modules the RPC stubs need). Cached so we don't fork a subprocess on every execute_code call. """ try: result = subprocess.run( [python_path, "-c", "import sys; sys.exit(0 if sys.version_info >= (3, 8) else 1)"], timeout=5, capture_output=True, ) return result.returncode == 0 except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, subprocess.SubprocessError): return False
def _resolve_child_python(mode: str) -> str: """Pick the Python interpreter for the execute_code subprocess.
In ``strict`` mode, always ``sys.executable`` — guaranteed to work and keeps behavior fully reproducible across sessions.
In ``project`` mode, prefer the user's active virtualenv/conda env's python so ``import pandas`` etc. work. Falls back to ``sys.executable`` if no venv is detected, the candidate binary is missing/not executable, or it fails a Python 3.8+ version check. """ if mode != "project": return sys.executable
if _IS_WINDOWS: exe_names = ("python.exe", "python3.exe") subdirs = ("Scripts",) else: exe_names = ("python", "python3") subdirs = ("bin",)
for var in ("VIRTUAL_ENV", "CONDA_PREFIX"): root = os.environ.get(var, "").strip() if not root: continue for subdir in subdirs: for exe in exe_names: candidate = os.path.join(root, subdir, exe) if not (os.path.isfile(candidate) and os.access(candidate, os.X_OK)): continue if _is_usable_python(candidate): return candidate # Found the interpreter but it failed the version check — # log once and fall through to sys.executable. logger.info( "execute_code: skipping %s=%s (Python version < 3.8 or broken). " "Using sys.executable instead.", var, candidate, ) return sys.executable
return sys.executable
def _resolve_child_cwd(mode: str, staging_dir: str) -> str: """Resolve the working directory for the execute_code subprocess.
- ``strict``: the staging tmpdir (today's behavior). - ``project``: the session's TERMINAL_CWD (same as the terminal tool), or ``os.getcwd()`` if TERMINAL_CWD is unset or doesn't point at a real dir. Falls back to the staging tmpdir as a last resort so we never invoke Popen with a nonexistent cwd. """ if mode != "project": return staging_dir raw = os.environ.get("TERMINAL_CWD", "").strip() if raw: expanded = os.path.expanduser(raw) if os.path.isdir(expanded): return expanded here = os.getcwd() if os.path.isdir(here): return here return staging_dir
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------# OpenAI Function-Calling Schema# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Per-tool documentation lines for the execute_code description.# Ordered to match the canonical display order._TOOL_DOC_LINES = [ ("web_search", " web_search(query: str, limit: int = 5) -> dict\n" " Returns {\"data\": {\"web\": [{\"url\", \"title\", \"description\"}, ...]}}"), ("web_extract", " web_extract(urls: list[str]) -> dict\n" " Returns {\"results\": [{\"url\", \"title\", \"content\", \"error\"}, ...]} where content is markdown"), ("read_file", " read_file(path: str, offset: int = 1, limit: int = 500) -> dict\n" " Lines are 1-indexed. Returns {\"content\": \"...\", \"total_lines\": N}"), ("write_file", " write_file(path: str, content: str) -> dict\n" " Always overwrites the entire file."), ("search_files", " search_files(pattern: str, target=\"content\", path=\".\", file_glob=None, limit=50) -> dict\n" " target: \"content\" (search inside files) or \"files\" (find files by name). Returns {\"matches\": [...]}"), ("patch", " patch(path: str, old_string: str, new_string: str, replace_all: bool = False) -> dict\n" " Replaces old_string with new_string in the file."), ("terminal", " terminal(command: str, timeout=None, workdir=None) -> dict\n" " Foreground only (no background/pty). Returns {\"output\": \"...\", \"exit_code\": N}"),]
def build_execute_code_schema(enabled_sandbox_tools: set = None, mode: str = None) -> dict: """Build the execute_code schema with description listing only enabled tools.
When tools are disabled via ``hermes tools`` (e.g. web is turned off), the schema description should NOT mention web_search / web_extract — otherwise the model thinks they are available and keeps trying to use them.
``mode`` controls the working-directory sentence in the description: - ``'strict'``: scripts run in a temp dir (not the session's CWD) - ``'project'`` (default): scripts run in the session's CWD with the active venv's python If ``mode`` is None, the current ``code_execution.mode`` config is read. """ if enabled_sandbox_tools is None: enabled_sandbox_tools = SANDBOX_ALLOWED_TOOLS if mode is None: mode = _get_execution_mode()
# Build tool documentation lines for only the enabled tools tool_lines = "\n".join( doc for name, doc in _TOOL_DOC_LINES if name in enabled_sandbox_tools )
# Build example import list from enabled tools import_examples = [n for n in ("web_search", "terminal") if n in enabled_sandbox_tools] if not import_examples: import_examples = sorted(enabled_sandbox_tools)[:2] if import_examples: import_str = ", ".join(import_examples) + ", ..." else: import_str = "..."
# Mode-specific CWD guidance. Project mode is the default and matches # terminal()'s filesystem/interpreter; strict mode retains the isolated # temp-dir staging and hermes-agent's own python. if mode == "strict": cwd_note = ( "Scripts run in their own temp dir, not the session's CWD — use absolute paths " "(os.path.expanduser('~/.hermes/.env')) or terminal()/read_file() for user files." ) else: cwd_note = ( "Scripts run in the session's working directory with the active venv's python, " "so project deps (pandas, etc.) and relative paths work like in terminal()." )
description = ( "Run a Python script that can call Hermes tools programmatically. " "Use this when you need 3+ tool calls with processing logic between them, " "need to filter/reduce large tool outputs before they enter your context, " "need conditional branching (if X then Y else Z), or need to loop " "(fetch N pages, process N files, retry on failure).\n\n" "Use normal tool calls instead when: single tool call with no processing, " "you need to see the full result and apply complex reasoning, " "or the task requires interactive user input.\n\n" f"Available via `from hermes_tools import ...`:\n\n" f"{tool_lines}\n\n" "Limits: 5-minute timeout, 50KB stdout cap, max 50 tool calls per script. " "terminal() is foreground-only (no background or pty).\n\n" f"{cwd_note}\n\n" "Print your final result to stdout. Use Python stdlib (json, re, math, csv, " "datetime, collections, etc.) for processing between tool calls.\n\n" "Also available (no import needed — built into hermes_tools):\n" " json_parse(text: str) — json.loads with strict=False; use for terminal() output with control chars\n" " shell_quote(s: str) — shlex.quote(); use when interpolating dynamic strings into shell commands\n" " retry(fn, max_attempts=3, delay=2) — retry with exponential backoff for transient failures" )
return { "name": "execute_code", "description": description, "parameters": { "type": "object", "properties": { "code": { "type": "string", "description": ( "Python code to execute. Import tools with " f"`from hermes_tools import {import_str}` " "and print your final result to stdout." ), }, }, "required": ["code"], }, }
# Default schema used at registration time (all sandbox tools listed,# current configured mode). model_tools.py rebuilds per-session anyway.EXECUTE_CODE_SCHEMA = build_execute_code_schema()
# --- Registry ---from tools.registry import registry, tool_error
registry.register( name="execute_code", toolset="code_execution", schema=EXECUTE_CODE_SCHEMA, handler=lambda args, **kw: execute_code( code=args.get("code", ""), task_id=kw.get("task_id"), enabled_tools=kw.get("enabled_tools")), check_fn=check_sandbox_requirements, emoji="🐍", max_result_size_chars=100_000,)