From 8d7fd7ca320724204700dc4da62f384f59eadf61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: aila <gooseteethmusic@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 22:03:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add skill.md and readme

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 README.md |  374 ++++++++++++++-
 SKILL.md  | 1340 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 1712 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 SKILL.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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-# DecentSamplerSkill
-Comprehensive agent skill for making, editing, and fixing DecentSampler libraries
+# DecentSampler Skills
+
+AI-assisted creation, editing, and validation of `.dspreset` files for [DecentSampler](https://www.decentsampler.com/), a free, open-source sample instrument player by Dave Hilowitz.
+
+## What's Inside
+
+- **SKILL.md** — Complete format reference covering XML structure, UI controls, effects, oscillators (wavetable, FM6, pluck, harmonic), modulators, buses, note sequences, keyswitches, MPE, bindings, and validation rules.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### 1. Create a Minimal Preset
+
+Save this as `My Instrument.dspreset`:
+
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<DecentSampler minVersion="1.0.0">
+  <ui width="812" height="375" bgColor="FF1A1A2E">
+    <tab name="main">
+      <labeled-knob x="445" y="75" width="90" textSize="16" textColor="FF000000"
+                    trackForegroundColor="CC000000" trackBackgroundColor="66999999"
+                    label="Attack" type="float" minValue="0.0" maxValue="4.0" value="0.01">
+        <binding type="amp" level="instrument" position="0" parameter="ENV_ATTACK"/>
+      </labeled-knob>
+      <labeled-knob x="515" y="75" width="90" textSize="16" textColor="FF000000"
+                    trackForegroundColor="CC000000" trackBackgroundColor="66999999"
+                    label="Release" type="float" minValue="0.0" maxValue="20.0" value="1">
+        <binding type="amp" level="instrument" position="0" parameter="ENV_RELEASE"/>
+      </labeled-knob>
+    </tab>
+  </ui>
+
+  <effects>
+    <effect type="lowpass" frequency="22000.0"/>
+    <effect type="reverb" wetLevel="0.5"/>
+  </effects>
+
+  <groups attack="0.0" decay="1.0" sustain="0.0" release="1.0">
+    <group name="Main">
+      <sample path="Samples/YourSample.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+    </group>
+  </groups>
+</DecentSampler>
+```
+
+### 2. Add Your Samples
+
+Create a `Samples/` folder next to your `.dspreset` file and place your audio files there.
+
+### 3. Open in DecentSampler
+
+Load the `.dspreset` file in DecentSampler (free VST/AU plugin or standalone app).
+
+---
+
+## File Structure
+
+A DecentSampler instrument folder:
+
+```
+MyInstrument/
+├── MyInstrument.dspreset    ← Preset definition (XML)
+├── Samples/                 ← Audio files (.wav, .aif)
+│   ├── C3.wav
+│   ├── C4.wav
+│   └── ...
+├── Images/                  ← UI images (optional)
+│   ├── Background.jpg
+│   └── Knob.png
+└── Wavetables/              ← Wavetable files (optional)
+    └── MyWavetable.wav
+```
+
+All paths in the .dspreset file are relative to its location.
+
+---
+
+## Format Reference
+
+DecentSampler presets are XML files with this hierarchy:
+
+```
+<DecentSampler>
+  ├── <tags>              Tag definitions (polyphony, volume)
+  ├── <ui>                User interface (812×375 recommended)
+  │   └── <tab>           Single tab with controls
+  │       ├── <labeled-knob>   Rotary dials
+  │       ├── <menu>           Dropdown menus
+  │       ├── <button>         Text/image buttons
+  │       ├── <label>          Static text
+  │       ├── <image>          Static images
+  │       ├── <rectangle>      Filled rectangles
+  │       ├── <line>           Line segments
+  │       ├── <xyPad>          2D pad control
+  │       ├── <oscilloscope>   Live waveform display
+  │       └── <multiFrameImage> Animations
+  ├── <groups>            Sample/oscillator groups
+  │   └── <group>         Individual groups
+  │       ├── <sample>    Audio samples
+  │       ├── <oscillator> Synthetic waveforms
+  │       └── <effects>   Group-level effects
+  ├── <effects>           Global effects chain
+  ├── <modulators>        LFOs, envelopes, MIDI CC, MPE, random
+  ├── <buses>             Audio routing buses
+  ├── <midi>              CC, note, velocity mappings
+  └── <noteSequences>     Step sequencer
+```
+
+See `SKILL.md` for the complete attribute reference.
+
+---
+
+## Integration with AI Coding Tools
+
+### Claude (Anthropic)
+
+**Option 1: CLAUDE.md (project-level)**
+
+Copy the contents of `SKILL.md` into a `CLAUDE.md` file in your project root:
+
+```bash
+cp SKILL.md /path/to/your-project/CLAUDE.md
+```
+
+Claude Code and claude.ai will automatically read `CLAUDE.md` files.
+
+**Option 2: System Prompt (API)**
+
+Paste the SKILL.md contents into your system prompt when using the Claude API.
+
+**Option 3: Custom Instructions (claude.ai)**
+
+Paste a condensed version of SKILL.md into your Custom Instructions in Claude.ai settings.
+
+### Cursor
+
+**Option 1: .cursorrules (project-level)**
+
+Copy SKILL.md contents into `.cursorrules` in your project root:
+
+```bash
+cp SKILL.md /path/to/your-project/.cursorrules
+```
+
+Cursor automatically reads this file and applies it as context.
+
+**Option 2: Project Rules (Cursor Settings)**
+
+1. Open Cursor Settings (gear icon)
+2. Go to Project Settings > Rules
+3. Paste the SKILL.md contents
+
+**Option 3: .cursor/rules/ directory**
+
+For modular rules, create `.cursor/rules/` and add SKILL.md there. Cursor scans this directory.
+
+### Codex (OpenAI)
+
+**Option 1: AGENTS.md (project-level)**
+
+Copy SKILL.md into `AGENTS.md` in your project root:
+
+```bash
+cp SKILL.md /path/to/your-project/AGENTS.md
+```
+
+Codex CLI reads `AGENTS.md` for project context.
+
+**Option 2: CODEX.md**
+
+Some Codex implementations also read `CODEX.md`. Copy there if your setup supports it:
+
+```bash
+cp SKILL.md /path/to/your-project/CODEX.md
+```
+
+**Option 3: System Prompt (API)**
+
+When using the OpenAI API directly, paste SKILL.md contents into your system message.
+
+### opencode
+
+**Option 1: Skill (recommended)**
+
+Place the files in the opencode skill directory:
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p ~/.config/opencode/skills/decent-sampler/
+cp SKILL.md ~/.config/opencode/skills/decent-sampler/SKILL.md
+```
+
+opencode automatically loads skills from `~/.config/opencode/skills/` and scans for `**/SKILL.md` files.
+
+**Option 2: Project-level skill**
+
+For project-specific use:
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p .opencode/skills/decent-sampler/
+cp SKILL.md .opencode/skills/decent-sampler/SKILL.md
+```
+
+**Option 3: AGENTS.md**
+
+Copy SKILL.md to `AGENTS.md` in your project root for agent context:
+
+```bash
+cp SKILL.md /path/to/your-project/AGENTS.md
+```
+
+**Option 4: opencode.json**
+
+Reference the skill path in your config:
+
+```json
+{
+  "skills": {
+    "paths": [".opencode/skills"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Examples Directory
+
+The `DecentSampler-Sample-Library-Examples/` directory contains 40+ working examples covering every feature:
+
+| Directory | Feature |
+|-----------|---------|
+| example-001-boilerplate | Minimal starting preset |
+| example-002-how-to-make-buttons | Text and image buttons |
+| example-003-how-to-use-convolution-reverb | Convolution IR effects |
+| example-004-wave-shaper-and-wave-folder | Distortion effects |
+| example-005-how-to-code-tempo-synced-delay | Musical time delay |
+| example-006-working-with-note-sequences | Step sequencer |
+| example-007-how-to-code-lfos-and-envelopes | All modulator types |
+| example-008-adjusting-sample-loop-parameters-with-knobs | Loop control |
+| example-009-how-to-use-the-xy-pad-ui-control | XY pad control |
+| example-010-how-to-use-audio-buses-and-external-outputs | Bus routing |
+| example-011-how-to-use-animations | Multi-frame animations |
+| example-012-mpe | MPE timbre/pressure |
+| example-013-controlling-velocity-sensitivity | Velocity and polyphony |
+| example-014-effects | Pitch shift and other effects |
+| example-015-how-to-using-continuous-background-sounds | Looping background audio |
+| example-016-drawing-with-lines-and-rectangles | UI drawing primitives |
+| example-017-oscillators | Wavetable, FM6, pluck, harmonic |
+
+Browse the examples for working code you can reference or adapt.
+
+---
+
+## Common Tasks
+
+### Create a Preset with Effects
+
+```xml
+<effects>
+  <effect type="lowpass" frequency="8000"/>
+  <effect type="chorus" mix="0.3" modDepth="0.2" modRate="0.5"/>
+  <effect type="reverb" wetLevel="0.4" roomSize="0.7"/>
+</effects>
+```
+
+### Add Keyswitches
+
+```xml
+<midi>
+  <note note="11" eventType="note_on">
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="0" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"/>
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="1" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="false"/>
+  </note>
+</midi>
+```
+
+### Add LFO Vibrato
+
+```xml
+<modulators>
+  <lfo shape="sine" frequency="5.0" modAmount="0.15" scope="voice">
+    <binding type="amp" level="group" position="0" parameter="GROUP_TUNING"
+             modBehavior="add" translation="linear"
+             translationOutputMin="-0.5" translationOutputMax="0.5"/>
+  </lfo>
+</modulators>
+```
+
+### Create a Wavetable Preset
+
+```xml
+<groups>
+  <group tags="wt" wavetablePosition="0.5">
+    <oscillator waveform="wavetable" wavetableFile="Wavetables/MyTable.wav"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Validation
+
+Use DecentSampler's built-in validation tool:
+
+1. Open your `.dspreset` in DecentSampler
+2. Go to **File > Developer Tools > Validate Preset**
+3. Fix any reported errors
+
+**Common issues:**
+- Missing file references (check paths are correct and case-sensitive)
+- Unclosed XML tags
+- Incorrect attribute values
+- Wrong minVersion for features used
+
+---
+
+## Testing Workflow
+
+1. Create or edit the `.dspreset` file
+2. Open DecentSampler (VST/AU plugin or standalone)
+3. Load your preset: **File > Open Preset**
+4. Play notes on MIDI keyboard or on-screen keyboard
+5. If issues, validate: **File > Developer Tools > Validate Preset**
+6. Fix errors and repeat from step 3
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+| Error | Cause | Fix |
+|-------|-------|-----|
+| "Missing file reference" | Sample/image path doesn't exist | Check path spelling and case sensitivity |
+| "Incorrect path capitalization" | Path matches case-insensitively but not exactly | Match the exact case on disk |
+| No sound | No samples in groups, or note range doesn't match played notes | Check loNote/hiNote values |
+| Group-level reverb not working | Reverb/delay at group level | Only lowpass, highpass, bandpass, gain, chorus work at group level |
+| Wavetable not loading | Wrong minVersion | Set minVersion="1.15.0" or higher |
+| FM6 parameters ignored | Attributes on oscillator instead of group | FM6 attributes go on `<group>`, not `<oscillator>` |
+| Menu doesn't respond | Wrong index base | Menu indices are 1-based, not 0-based |
+| Binding doesn't fire | Wrong position index | Binding positions are 0-based |
+| Controls don't update from MIDI | MIDI CC targets parameter directly | Use `level="ui" type="control" parameter="VALUE"` to update the UI control |
+| Legato plays wrong samples | previousNotes mismatch | Check that previousNotes values match the previous group's rootNote values |
+
+---
+
+## Choosing an AI Tool
+
+| Tool | Best For | Integration Method |
+|------|----------|-------------------|
+| Claude Code | Full IDE integration, complex edits | CLAUDE.md file |
+| Claude.ai | Quick questions, format lookup | Custom Instructions |
+| Cursor | IDE with AI autocomplete | .cursorrules file |
+| Codex CLI | Terminal-based coding | AGENTS.md file |
+| opencode | Configurable agent system | SKILL.md in skills directory |
+
+For all tools, the SKILL.md content serves as the knowledge base. Copy it to the appropriate location for your tool.
+
+---
+
+## Resources
+
+- [DecentSampler Developer Guide](https://decentsampler-developers-guide.readthedocs.io/)
+- [DecentSampler Plugin](https://www.decentsampler.com/)
+- [DecentSamples Blog](https://www.decentsamples.com/blog/)
+- [KnobMan Gallery](https://www.g200kg.com/en/webknobman/gallery.php) (custom knob skins)
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+These skill files are provided as-is for use with DecentSampler preset development. See `DecentSampler-Sample-Library-Examples/LICENSE` for the examples license.
diff --git a/SKILL.md b/SKILL.md
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+---
+name: decent-sampler
+description: Use when creating, editing, validating, or cleaning .dspreset files for DecentSampler. Covers XML structure, UI controls, effects, oscillators (wavetable, FM6, pluck, harmonic), modulators, buses, note sequences, keyswitches, and MPE.
+license: MIT
+---
+
+# DecentSampler .dspreset File Reference
+
+DecentSampler is a free, open-source sample instrument player by Dave Hilowitz. Each instrument is defined by a single `.dspreset` XML file plus a folder of assets (audio files, images, wavetables).  Many .dspresets and sample folders can be zipped inside a parent directory and then loaded from DecentSampler as a library of many presets.
+
+## What is a DecentSampler Instrument?
+
+A DecentSampler instrument consists of:
+1. A `.dspreset` file (XML) — the preset definition (required)
+2. A folder of assets (optional) — audio files, images, wavetables
+
+Typical folder structure:
+```
+MyInstrument/
+├── MyInstrument.dspreset    ← Preset definition (XML)
+├── Samples/                 ← Audio files (.wav, .aif)
+│   ├── C3.wav
+│   ├── C4.wav
+│   └── ...
+├── Images/                  ← UI images (optional)
+│   ├── Background.jpg
+│   └── Knob.png
+└── Wavetables/              ← Wavetable files (optional)
+    └── MyWavetable.wav
+```
+
+All paths in the .dspreset file are **relative to the .dspreset file location**. The .dspreset file is the only required file; audio files are referenced by path.
+
+## File Format Overview
+
+Every `.dspreset` file is XML. The structure:
+
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<DecentSampler minVersion="1.0.0">
+  <tags>...</tags>
+  <ui width="812" height="375">...</ui>
+  <groups>...</groups>
+  <effects>...</effects>
+  <modulators>...</modulators>
+  <buses>...</buses>
+  <midi>...</midi>
+  <noteSequences>...</noteSequences>
+</DecentSampler>
+```
+
+All child elements of `<DecentSampler>` are optional except that at least one `<groups>` with samples/oscillators is needed for sound.
+
+---
+
+## Root Element: `<DecentSampler>`
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| minVersion | No | Minimum DecentSampler version (e.g., "1.19.0") |
+
+### minVersion Strategy
+
+Use the highest minVersion required by your features:
+
+| Feature | Required minVersion |
+|---------|---------------------|
+| Basic samples, UI, effects | 1.0.0 |
+| Keyswitches | 1.4.0 |
+| Colored keyboard keys | 1.4.0 |
+| Modulators (LFO, envelope) | 1.6.0 |
+| Wave folder/shaper effects | 1.7.2 |
+| Note sequences | 1.11.1 |
+| Buses | 1.12.0 |
+| FM6 oscillators | 1.12.0 |
+| Pitch shift effect | 1.13.3 |
+| Oscillators (basic) | 1.15.0 |
+| Wavetable oscillators | 1.15.0 |
+| Animations | 1.12.9 |
+| Stereo simulator | 1.17.0 |
+| Bit crusher | 1.7.2 |
+
+Rule: If in doubt, use `minVersion="1.19.0"` for modern features or `minVersion="1.0.0"` for basic presets.
+
+---
+
+## Color Format
+
+All colors use 8-digit ARGB hex: `AARRGGBB`
+
+- `FF000000` = solid black
+- `80FF0000` = 50% transparent red
+- `FF4A90E2` = solid blue
+- Use `#` prefix only in bgColor attribute: `bgColor="#FF1A1A2E"`
+
+---
+
+## The `<ui>` Element
+
+Defines the user interface. Recommended dimensions: **812 × 375**.
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| width | Yes | UI width in pixels (recommended: 812) |
+| height | Yes | UI height in pixels (recommended: 375) |
+| bgColor | No | 8-digit ARGB background color |
+| bgImage | No | Path to background image (relative to .dspreset) |
+| coverArt | No | Cover art for "My Libraries" tab |
+| layoutMode | No | "relative" for responsive layouts |
+
+### The `<tab>` Element
+
+One `<tab>` per UI. Contains all controls.
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| name | No | Tab name (not displayed) |
+
+### UI Controls
+
+#### `<labeled-knob>` / `<control>`
+
+Rotary dials, sliders, or custom-skinned controls. `<labeled-knob>` has a built-in label; `<control>` does not.
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position (0,0 = top-left) |
+| width | Yes | Width in pixels |
+| height | No | Height in pixels |
+| label | No | Text label (labeled-knob only) |
+| parameterName | Yes | Name shown in shrunken UI |
+| type | No | "float" (default), "integer", "multi_state", "musical_time" |
+| minValue | No | Minimum value (default: 0) |
+| maxValue | No | Maximum value (default: 1) |
+| value | No | Initial value (default: 0) |
+| defaultValue | No | Value on double-click |
+| textColor | No | 8-digit ARGB |
+| textSize | No | Font size (default: 12) |
+| trackForegroundColor | No | Knob track fill color |
+| trackBackgroundColor | No | Knob track background color |
+| style | No | "rotary" (default), "linear_bar", "linear_bar_vertical", "rotary_vertical_drag", "custom_skin_vertical_drag" |
+| showLabel | No | Show/hide built-in label (true for labeled-knob, false for control) |
+| snapMode | No | Value snapping: "none" (default), "whole_numbers", "tenths", "hundredths", "thousandths", "stop_points" |
+| snapStopPoints | No | Comma-separated values for snapMode="stop_points" |
+| defeatSnapWithShift | No | Allow shift key to bypass snap (true/false) |
+| mouseDragSensitivity | No | Integer, higher = less sensitive |
+| uid | No | Unique identifier for the control |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+| enabled | No | true/false |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+| tooltip | No | Hover tooltip |
+| customSkinImage | No | Path to KnobMan image |
+| customSkinNumFrames | No | Frame count for custom skin |
+| customSkinImageOrientation | No | "horizontal" or "vertical" |
+
+**Note on UI control indexing:** All UI elements (including `<label>`, `<image>`, etc.) are indexed in order. If your tab has `<label>`, `<control>`, `<label>`, `<control>`, the control positions are 1 and 3 (0-indexed).
+
+#### `<menu>` — Dropdown Menu
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| value | No | 1-based index of selected option (default: 0 = none) |
+| textColor | No | Text color ARGB |
+| backgroundColor | No | Background color ARGB |
+| highlightedTextColor | No | Selected text color |
+| highlightedBackgroundColor | No | Selected background color |
+| vAlign | No | "top", "center" (default), "bottom" |
+| hAlign | No | "left" (default), "center", "right" |
+| requireSelection | No | If true, user must select an option (true/false) |
+| placeholderText | No | Text shown when no option selected |
+| visible, enabled | No | true/false |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+
+Contains `<option>` children with `name` attribute and `<binding>` elements.
+
+**Important:** Menu option indices are **1-based**. `value="1"` selects the first option.
+
+**Dynamic color control:** Menu colors can be controlled via bindings using parameters: `TEXT_COLOR`, `BACKGROUND_COLOR`, `HIGHLIGHTED_TEXT_COLOR`, `HIGHLIGHTED_BACKGROUND_COLOR`.
+
+#### `<button>` — Text or Image Button
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| style | No | "text" (default) or "image" |
+| value | No | 0-based index of active state |
+| mainImage | For images | Main button image |
+| hoverImage | No | Hover state image |
+| clickImage | No | Click state image |
+| visible, enabled | No | true/false |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+
+Contains `<state>` children with `name` attribute and `<binding>` elements.
+
+#### `<label>` — Static Text
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| text | Yes | Text to display |
+| textColor | No | 8-digit ARGB |
+| textSize | No | Font size (default: 12) |
+| vAlign | No | "top", "center" (default), "bottom" |
+| hAlign | No | "left", "center" (default), "right" |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+
+#### `<image>` — Static Image
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| path | Yes | Image file path |
+| aspectRatioMode | No | "preserve" or "stretch" |
+| opacity | No | 0.0–1.0 (default: 1) |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+
+#### `<rectangle>` — Filled Rectangle
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| fillColor | No | 8-digit ARGB |
+| borderColor | No | 8-digit ARGB |
+| borderThickness | No | Pixels (0 = none) |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+
+#### `<line>` — Line Segment
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x1, y1 | Yes | Start point |
+| x2, y2 | Yes | End point |
+| lineColor | No | 8-digit ARGB |
+| lineThickness | No | Pixels (default: 1.0) |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+
+#### `<xyPad>` — 2D Pad Control
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| markerDiameter | No | Marker size (default: 10) |
+| markerFillColor | No | Marker fill ARGB |
+| outlineColor | No | Outline ARGB |
+| bgColor | No | Background ARGB |
+| xValue, yValue | No | Initial values (0.0) |
+| visible, enabled | No | true/false |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+
+Contains `<x>` and `<y>` children with `<binding>` elements.
+
+#### `<multiFrameImage>` — Animation
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| path | Yes | Image strip path |
+| numFrames | Yes | Frame count |
+| sourceFormat | Yes | "horizontal_image_strip" or "vertical_image_strip" |
+| frameRate | Yes | FPS (max 24) |
+| playbackMode | No | "forward_loop" (default), "forward_once", "reverse_loop", "ping_pong_loop", "stopped" |
+| opacity | No | 0.0–1.0 |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+
+#### `<oscilloscope>` — Live Waveform Display
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| x, y | Yes | Position |
+| width, height | Yes | Dimensions |
+| backgroundColor | No | ARGB (default: #FF000000) |
+| waveColor | No | ARGB (default: #FF00FF00) |
+| lineThickness | No | Pixels (default: 1.5) |
+| showCenterLine | No | true/false |
+| visible | No | true/false |
+
+### The `<keyboard>` Element
+
+Contains `<color>` children to color key ranges.
+
+```xml
+<keyboard>
+  <color loNote="36" hiNote="50" color="FF2C365E"/>
+  <color loNote="51" hiNote="57" color="FF6D9DC5"/>
+</keyboard>
+```
+
+Colors are overlaid at 75% transparency on white keys.
+
+---
+
+## The `<groups>` and `<group>` Elements
+
+Groups contain samples and/or oscillators. `<groups>` is the container; `<group>` defines individual groups.
+
+### `<groups>` Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| attack | Global attack time (seconds) |
+| decay | Global decay time (seconds) |
+| sustain | Global sustain level (0.0–1.0) |
+| release | Global release time (seconds) |
+| volume | Global volume (e.g., "-3dB" or "0.8") |
+| ampVelTrack | Velocity sensitivity (0.0–1.0) |
+| glideTime | Portamento time (seconds) |
+| glideMode | "always", "legato", or "off" |
+| seqMode | Round-robin mode: "round_robin", "random", "true_random", "always" |
+| seqLength | Round-robin sequence length |
+
+### `<group>` Attributes
+
+All `<groups>` attributes plus:
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| name | Group name |
+| tags | Comma-separated tags |
+| enabled | true/false (can be toggled via bindings) |
+| pan | Stereo position (-100 to 100) |
+| groupTuning | Pitch offset in semitones (e.g., "-12" for octave down) |
+| loNote, hiNote | MIDI note range |
+| loVel, hiVel | Velocity range |
+| output1Target–output8Target | Audio routing (MAIN_OUTPUT, BUS_1–16, AUX_STEREO_OUTPUT_1–16) |
+| output1Volume–output8Volume | Output volumes (0.0–1.0) |
+| trigger | When to play: "attack" (default), "first" (only if no notes playing), "legato" (only if notes playing), "release" (on note-off), "continuous" (always) |
+| silencedByTags | Comma-separated tags that silence this group when triggered |
+| silencingMode | "fast" (immediate) or "normal" (triggers release) |
+| silencingDecay | Custom fade-out time in seconds (overrides silencingMode) |
+| loCCN / hiCCN | CC number N (1-127) that gates this group (e.g., loCC64="0" hiCC64="63") |
+| onLoCCN / onHiCCN | CC number N that triggers this group (e.g., onLoCC64="90" onHiCC64="127") |
+| retriggerEnabled | Enable pattern retriggering (true/false) |
+| retriggerInterval | Time between retriggers (default: 4.0) |
+| retriggerIntervalUnit | "seconds", "beats" (default), "samples" |
+| loopEnabled | Enable looping for all samples in group (true/false) |
+
+#### Group-Level Effects
+
+Only these effects work at group level: `lowpass`, `highpass`, `bandpass`, `gain`, `chorus`. Reverb and delay cannot be group-level.
+
+```xml
+<group name="Pad">
+  <sample path="Samples/C3.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="59" hiNote="61"/>
+  <effects>
+    <effect type="lowpass" frequency="2000"/>
+  </effects>
+</group>
+```
+
+### `<sample>` Element
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| path | Yes | Audio file path (relative to .dspreset) |
+| rootNote | Yes | MIDI note for root pitch |
+| loNote | Yes | Lowest MIDI note that triggers this sample |
+| hiNote | Yes | Highest MIDI note that triggers this sample |
+| loVel | No | Lowest velocity (default: 0) |
+| hiVel | No | Highest velocity (default: 127) |
+| name | No | Sample name |
+| volume | No | Volume (e.g., "-8.3dB" or "0.5") |
+| pan | No | Stereo position (-100 to 100) |
+| start | No | Start position in samples |
+| end | No | End position in samples |
+| attack | No | Per-sample attack (seconds) |
+| decay | No | Per-sample decay (seconds) |
+| sustain | No | Per-sample sustain (0.0–1.0) |
+| release | No | Per-sample release (seconds) |
+| attackCurve, decayCurve, releaseCurve | No | Curve shapes (-100 to 100) |
+| loopEnabled | No | true/false |
+| loopStart | No | Loop start in samples |
+| loopEnd | No | Loop end in samples |
+| loopCrossfade | No | Crossfade length in samples |
+| loopCrossfadeMode | No | "linear" or "equal_power" |
+| seqMode | No | Round-robin mode |
+| seqPosition | No | Position in round-robin queue |
+| seqLength | No | Round-robin sequence length |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags |
+| ampVelTrack | No | Velocity sensitivity (0.0–1.0) |
+| pitchKeyTrack | No | Pitch tracking (0.0–1.0, default: 1.0) |
+| playbackMode | No | "memory", "disk_streaming", "auto" |
+| silencedByTags | No | Tags that silence this sample when triggered |
+| silencingMode | No | "fast" (immediate) or "normal" (triggers release) |
+| silencingDecay | No | Custom fade-out time in seconds (overrides silencingMode) |
+| trigger | No | "attack" (default), "first", "legato", "release", "continuous" |
+| previousNotes | No | Comma-separated MIDI note numbers. Only play if previous note matches one of these. |
+| previousNote | No | Single MIDI note number (alias for previousNotes with one value) |
+| legatoInterval | No | Semitone distance from previous note for legato trigger |
+| delay | No | Delay before sample starts (seconds, beats, or samples) |
+| delayUnit | No | "seconds" (default), "beats", "samples" |
+| retriggerEnabled | No | Enable pattern retriggering (true/false) |
+| retriggerInterval | No | Time between retriggers (default: 4.0) |
+| retriggerIntervalUnit | No | "seconds", "beats" (default), "samples" |
+| releaseTriggerDecay | No | Decay for release-triggered samples. Format: "3dB" (dB per second) or linear (0.0–1.0) |
+| loCCN / hiCCN | No | CC number N that gates this sample (e.g., loCC64="0" hiCC64="63") |
+| onLoCCN / onHiCCN | No | CC number N that triggers this sample (e.g., onLoCC64="90" onHiCC64="127") |
+| output1Target–output8Target | No | Audio routing |
+
+### The `<oscillator>` Element
+
+Lives inside `<group>`. Generates synthetic waveforms.
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| waveform | Yes | "sine", "saw", "square", "triangle", "noise"/"white_noise", "pluck1", "wavetable", "harmonic", "fm6op" |
+
+**Wavetable attributes:**
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| wavetableFile | Path to multi-frame .wav file |
+| wavetableFrameSize | Samples per frame (default: 2048, auto-detected from Serum format) |
+| wavetablePosition | Initial position (0.0–1.0) |
+| randomPhase | Randomize start phase (recommended for unison) |
+| wavetableFrameInterpolation | Smooth crossfade between frames (default: true) |
+
+**Pluck attributes:**
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| damping | Decay time (0.0–1.0, default: 0.5) |
+| pluckType | Excitation blend (0.0=smooth, 1.0=bright, default: 0.5) |
+
+**FM6 attributes (set on `<group>`, not `<oscillator>`):**
+
+FM6 is a 6-operator FM synthesizer implementing the 32 classic Yamaha DX7 algorithm topologies. Each operator has its own frequency ratio, level, feedback, detune, and envelope.
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| fmAlgorithm | DX7 algorithm number (1–32) |
+| fmOp1Ratio–fmOp6Ratio | Frequency ratios (default: 1.0). 1.0 = fundamental, 2.0 = octave up, 0.5 = octave down |
+| fmOp1Level–fmOp6Level | Output/modulation levels (0.0–1.0) |
+| fmOp1Feedback–fmOp6Feedback | Self-feedback (0.0–1.0). Only Op6 feedback works in all algorithms |
+| fmOp1Detune–fmOp6Detune | Pitch detune (-7 to +7). DX7-compatible: larger offsets at lower notes |
+| fmOp1Mode–fmOp6Mode | "ratio" (default) or "fixed" |
+| fmOp1FixedFreq–fmOp6FixedFreq | Fixed frequency in Hz (when mode="fixed") |
+| fmOp1VelocitySensitivity–fmOp6VelocitySensitivity | Velocity response (0–7, DX7 convention). 0=none, 7=maximum |
+| fmOp1Attack–fmOp6Attack | Per-operator ADSR attack (0–45 seconds). -1 = no independent envelope |
+| fmOp1Decay–fmOp6Decay | Per-operator ADSR decay (0–45 seconds) |
+| fmOp1Sustain–fmOp6Sustain | Per-operator ADSR sustain (0.0–1.0) |
+| fmOp1Release–fmOp6Release | Per-operator ADSR release (0–45 seconds). -1 = use group ADSR |
+| fmOp1EgType–fmOp6EgType | Envelope type: "adsr" (default) or "dx7" |
+| fmOp1EgRate1–fmOp6EgRate4 | DX7 rates R1–R4 (0–99). Only when EgType="dx7" |
+| fmOp1EgLevel1–fmOp6EgLevel4 | DX7 levels L1–L4 (0–99). Only when EgType="dx7" |
+
+**Algorithm categories:**
+
+| Algorithms | Character | Use for |
+|------------|-----------|---------|
+| 1–8 | Deep chains (1–2 carriers) | Rich, complex FM: basses, pads, strings |
+| 9–19 | Mixed chains + parallel | Balanced, versatile: pianos, plucks, bells |
+| 20–28 | 3+ carriers | Bright, additive-leaning: choir, organs, leads |
+| 29–32 | 4–6 carriers | Additive/organ-like: drawbar organs, rich pads |
+
+Algorithm 32 = all 6 operators as carriers (pure additive synthesis).
+
+**Feedback:** Only Op6 feedback (`fmOp6Feedback`) works in all 32 algorithms. Small values (0.0–0.15) add warmth; medium (0.3–0.6) create sawtooth-like waves; high (0.7–1.0) produce noise/distortion.
+
+**Fixed frequency mode:** Set `fmOpNMode="fixed"` and `fmOpNFixedFreq="987.5"` for metallic/bell timbres with inharmonic partials.
+
+**DX7 envelope:** Set `fmOpNEgType="dx7"` to use classic 4-stage rate/level envelope (R1–R4, L1–L4, range 0–99). When dx7 is active, the ADSR attributes are ignored for that operator.
+
+**Harmonic attributes (set on `<group>`):**
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| numPartials | Number of active partials (1–64) |
+| harmonicTilt | Spectral tilt (-1.0 to 1.0) |
+| harmonicOddEvenBalance | Odd/even balance (0.0=odd, 1.0=even) |
+| harmonicNormalization | Loudness compensation (0.0–1.0) |
+| harmonicPartial1Level–harmonicPartial64Level | Per-partial amplitudes (0.0–1.0) |
+
+---
+
+## The `<effects>` Element
+
+Global effects chain. Can also live inside `<group>` for group-level effects.
+
+```xml
+<effects>
+  <effect type="lowpass" frequency="22000"/>
+  <effect type="reverb" wetLevel="0.5"/>
+</effects>
+```
+
+### Effect Types
+
+#### Filters
+
+| Type | Attributes |
+|------|------------|
+| `lowpass` | frequency (0–22000), resonance (0.001–5.0) — 4-pole (24 dB/oct) |
+| `lowpass_4pl` | frequency, resonance — legacy alias for `lowpass` (4-pole, 24 dB/oct) |
+| `lowpass_1pl` | frequency (no resonance) — 1-pole (6 dB/oct) |
+| `highpass` | frequency, resonance — 4-pole (24 dB/oct) |
+| `bandpass` | frequency, resonance — 4-pole (24 dB/oct) |
+| `notch` | frequency (60–22000), Q (0.01–18.0) |
+| `peak` | frequency, Q, gain (0–1.0) |
+
+#### Modulation
+
+| Type | Attributes |
+|------|------------|
+| `chorus` | mix (0–1.0), modDepth (0–1.0), modRate (0–10.0 Hz) |
+| `phaser` | mix, modDepth, modRate, centerFrequency, feedback (-1–1.0) |
+
+#### Time-Based
+
+| Type | Attributes |
+|------|------------|
+| `reverb` | roomSize (0–1.0), damping (0–1.0), wetLevel (0–1.0) |
+| `delay` | delayTime (0–20.0), feedback (0–1.0), stereoOffset (-10–10), wetLevel, delayTimeFormat ("seconds"/"musical_time") |
+| `convolution` | mix, irFile (required) |
+
+#### Distortion
+
+| Type | Attributes |
+|------|------------|
+| `wave_folder` | drive (1–100), threshold (0–10.0) |
+| `wave_shaper` | drive (1–1000), driveBoost (0–1.0), outputLevel (0–1.0), highQuality (true/false) |
+| `bit_crusher` | bitDepth (1–24), sampleRateReduction (1–32), mix (0–1.0) |
+
+#### Other
+
+| Type | Attributes |
+|------|------------|
+| `gain` | level (dB or linear with levelUnit), levelUnit ("decibels"/"linear") |
+| `pitch_shift` | pitchShift (-24–24 semitones), mix (0–1.0) |
+| `stereo_simulator` | algorithm ("lauridsen"/"schroeder"/"adt"), width (0–1), delayTime, modRate, modDepth |
+
+All effects support a `tags` attribute for targeting by name instead of index.
+
+---
+
+## The `<modulators>` Element
+
+Contains modulation sources: LFOs, envelopes, MIDI CC, velocity, MPE, random.
+
+### `<lfo>` Element
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| shape | "sine", "square", "saw" |
+| frequency | Rate in Hz |
+| modAmount | Depth (0.0–1.0, default: 1.0) |
+| delayTime | Delay before start in seconds (default: 0.0) |
+| scope | "global" (default) or "voice" |
+| modBehavior | "add", "multiply", or "set" (default: "set") |
+
+### `<envelope>` Element
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| attack, decay, release | Times in seconds |
+| sustain | Level (0.0–1.0) |
+| modAmount | Depth (0.0–1.0) |
+| scope | "global" or "voice" (default) |
+| modBehavior | "add", "multiply", or "set" |
+| attackCurve, decayCurve, releaseCurve | Curve shapes (-100 to 100) |
+
+### `<midiCC>` Element
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| number | MIDI CC number (0–127, required) |
+| modAmount | Depth (0.0–1.0) |
+| channel | "voice" (default), or specific channel 1–16 |
+| scope | "global" or "voice" |
+
+### `<midiVelocity>` Element
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| modAmount | Depth (0.0–1.0) |
+| scope | "voice" (default) or "global" |
+
+### `<mpeTimbre>` / `<mpePressure>` Elements
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| scope | "voice" (default) or "global" |
+| risingSmoothingTime | Rise time in ms (default: 0) |
+| fallingSmoothingTime | Fall time in ms (default: 0) |
+
+### `<random>` Element
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| mode | "note_on" or "periodic" |
+| frequency | Rate for periodic mode |
+| trigger | "attack" or "none" |
+| seed | Integer seed for reproducibility |
+| scope | "voice" or "global" |
+
+---
+
+## The `<buses>` Element
+
+Up to 16 buses for audio routing.
+
+```xml
+<buses>
+  <bus busVolume="1.0" output1Target="MAIN_OUTPUT" output1Volume="1.0">
+    <effects>
+      <effect type="reverb" wetLevel="1"/>
+    </effects>
+  </bus>
+</buses>
+```
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| busVolume | Bus volume (0.0–1.0) |
+| output1Target–output8Target | MAIN_OUTPUT, AUX_STEREO_OUTPUT_1–16 |
+| output1Volume–output8Volume | Output volumes (0.0–1.0) |
+
+Routes audio from groups via `output1Target="BUS_1"` etc.
+
+---
+
+## The `<midi>` Element
+
+### `<cc>` — MIDI CC Mapping
+
+```xml
+<midi>
+  <cc number="1">
+    <binding level="ui" type="control" position="3" parameter="VALUE"
+             translation="linear" translationOutputMin="0" translationOutputMax="1"/>
+  </cc>
+</midi>
+```
+
+### `<note>` — Note/Keyswitch Mapping
+
+```xml
+<midi>
+  <note note="11" eventType="note_on" swallowNotes="false">
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="0" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"/>
+  </note>
+</midi>
+```
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| note | MIDI note number or range (e.g., "24-35") |
+| eventType | "note_on", "note_off", or "any" |
+| swallowNotes | If true, note is not passed to sampler |
+| enabled | true/false |
+
+### `<velocity>` — Velocity Mapping
+
+```xml
+<midi>
+  <velocity>
+    <binding type="effect" level="group" groupIndex="0" effectIndex="0"
+             parameter="FX_FILTER_FREQUENCY" modAmount="0.3"/>
+  </velocity>
+</midi>
+```
+
+---
+
+## The `<noteSequences>` Element
+
+Built-in step sequencer.
+
+```xml
+<noteSequences>
+  <sequence name="MajorArp" length="4" rate="1">
+    <note position="0" velocity="1" note="C2" length="1"/>
+    <note position="1" velocity="1" note="E2" length="1"/>
+    <note position="2" velocity="1" note="G2" length="1"/>
+    <note position="3" velocity="1" note="C3" length="1"/>
+  </sequence>
+</noteSequences>
+```
+
+`<sequence>` attributes: name, length (beats, required), rate (default: 1.0)
+`<note>` attributes: position (beats), velocity (0–1), note (MIDI number or name), length (beats)
+
+---
+
+## The `<tags>` Element
+
+Define tag properties for groups/samples.
+
+```xml
+<tags>
+  <tag name="voice1" volume="1" pan="0" polyphony="12"/>
+</tags>
+```
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| name | Tag identifier |
+| enabled | true/false (default: true) |
+| volume | 0.0–1.0 (default: 1.0) |
+| polyphony | Voice limit (-1 = unlimited, 1 = monophonic) |
+
+---
+
+## The Binding System
+
+Bindings connect sources (UI controls, MIDI, modulators) to targets (parameters).
+
+### Binding Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description |
+|-----------|----------|-------------|
+| type | Yes | "amp", "general", "effect", "control", "modulator", "note_sequence" |
+| level | Yes | "ui", "instrument", "group", "tag", "bus" |
+| position | Yes* | 0-based index of target element |
+| parameter | Yes | Target parameter name |
+| tags | No | Comma-separated tags (alternative to position) |
+| groupTags | No | Target groups by tag |
+| effectTags | No | Target effects by tag |
+| controlTags | No | Target controls by tag |
+| modulatorTags | No | Target modulators by tag |
+| identifier | No | Tag identifier (for tag-level bindings) |
+| translation | No | "linear" (default), "table", "fixed_value" |
+| translationOutputMin | No | Min output for linear translation |
+| translationOutputMax | No | Max output for linear translation |
+| translationReversed | No | true/false |
+| translationTable | No | Input/output pairs: "0,33;0.3,150;1.0,22000" |
+| translationValue | No | Fixed value for fixed_value translation |
+| enabled | No | true/false |
+| triggerOnLoad | No | true/false (default: true) |
+
+*position is required unless tags/identifier are used.
+
+**triggerOnLoad:** Controls whether binding fires on preset load. Default: true. Set to false on VALUE bindings inside button states to prevent overwriting user's saved control positions when a DAW session is restored.
+
+### Common Binding Parameters
+
+**Amplitude (type="amp"):**
+
+| Parameter | Level | Description |
+|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| AMP_VOLUME | instrument, group | Volume (0.0–16.0) |
+| PAN | instrument, group | Pan (-100 to 100) |
+| ENV_ATTACK | instrument, group | Attack time (0.0–10.0 seconds) |
+| ENV_DECAY | instrument, group | Decay time (0.0–25.0 seconds) |
+| ENV_SUSTAIN | instrument, group | Sustain level (0.0–1.0) |
+| ENV_RELEASE | instrument, group | Release time (0.0–25.0 seconds) |
+| ENV_ATTACK_CURVE | instrument, group | Attack curve (-100 to 100) |
+| ENV_DECAY_CURVE | instrument, group | Decay curve (-100 to 100) |
+| ENV_RELEASE_CURVE | instrument, group | Release curve (-100 to 100) |
+| GLIDE_TIME | instrument, group | Portamento time (0.0–10.0 seconds) |
+| GLIDE_MODE | instrument | "always", "legato", "off" |
+| AMP_VEL_TRACK | instrument, group | Velocity sensitivity (0.0–1.0) |
+| AMP_ENV_ENABLED | instrument, group | Enable amplitude envelope (true/false) |
+| GROUP_VOLUME | group | Group volume (0.0–16.0) |
+| GROUP_TUNING | group | Group pitch offset (-36.0 to 36.0 semitones) |
+| GROUP_PAN | group | Group pan (-100 to 100) |
+| OUTPUT_1_VOLUME–OUTPUT_8_VOLUME | group | Output routing volumes (0.0–1.0) |
+| OUTPUT_1_TARGET–OUTPUT_8_TARGET | group | Output routing targets |
+| ENABLED | group | Enable/disable group (true/false) |
+| GLOBAL_TUNING | instrument | Global pitch offset (-36.0 to 36.0) |
+
+**Effect (type="effect"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| FX_FILTER_FREQUENCY | Filter cutoff (0–22000 Hz) |
+| FX_FILTER_RESONANCE | Filter resonance (0–5.0) |
+| FX_FILTER_Q | Peak/notch Q (0.01–18.0) |
+| FX_FILTER_GAIN | Peak filter gain (0–10.0) |
+| FX_MIX | Wet/dry mix (0–1.0) |
+| FX_REVERB_WET_LEVEL | Reverb wet level (0–1.0) |
+| FX_REVERB_ROOM_SIZE | Reverb room size (0–1.0) |
+| FX_REVERB_DAMPING | Reverb damping (0–1.0) |
+| FX_DELAY_TIME | Delay time (0–1.0 or 0–20.0) |
+| FX_DELAY_TIME_FORMAT | "seconds" or "musical_time" |
+| FX_DELAY_FEEDBACK | Delay feedback (0–1.0) |
+| FX_STEREO_OFFSET | Delay stereo offset (-10–10) |
+| FX_WET_LEVEL | Delay wet level (0–1.0) |
+| FX_CHORUS_MIX | Chorus mix (0–1.0) |
+| FX_MOD_DEPTH | Chorus/phaser depth (0–1.0) |
+| FX_MOD_RATE | Chorus/phaser rate (0–10.0 Hz) |
+| FX_CENTER_FREQUENCY | Phaser center frequency (0–22000 Hz) |
+| FX_FEEDBACK | Phaser feedback (-1–1.0) |
+| FX_DRIVE | Wave folder/shaper drive (1–100 or 1–1000) |
+| FX_THRESHOLD | Wave folder threshold (0–10.0) |
+| FX_OUTPUT_LEVEL | Wave shaper output (0–8.0) |
+| FX_DRIVE_BOOST | Wave shaper drive boost (0–1.0) |
+| FX_PITCH_SHIFT | Pitch shift (-24–24 semitones) |
+| FX_BIT_DEPTH | Bit crusher depth (1–24) |
+| FX_SAMPLE_RATE_REDUCTION | Bit crusher reduction (1–32) |
+| FX_WIDTH | Stereo simulator width (0–1) |
+| FX_IR_FILE | Convolution IR file path |
+| LEVEL | Gain level (0–8.0) |
+| ENABLED | Enable/disable effect (true/false) |
+
+**General (type="general"):**
+
+| Parameter | Level | Description |
+|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| ENABLED | instrument, group, tag | Enable/disable element |
+| SAMPLE_START | instrument, group | Sample start position (samples) |
+| SAMPLE_END | instrument, group | Sample end position (samples) |
+| LOOP_START | instrument, group | Loop start (samples) |
+| LOOP_END | instrument, group | Loop end (samples) |
+| LO_NOTE | instrument, group | Low note range (0–127) |
+| HI_NOTE | instrument, group | High note range (0–127) |
+| ROOT_NOTE | instrument, group | Root note (0–127) |
+| PITCH_KEY_TRACK | instrument, group | Pitch tracking (0.0–1.0) |
+| SILENCING_MODE | instrument, group | "fast" or "normal" |
+| SILENCING_DECAY | instrument, group | Fade-out time (seconds) |
+| OSCILLATOR_WAVEFORM | group | Waveform type |
+| OSCILLATOR_WAVETABLE_POSITION | group | Wavetable position (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_WAVETABLE_FRAME_INTERPOLATION | group | Frame interpolation (true/false) |
+| OSCILLATOR_DAMPING | group | Pluck damping (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_PLUCK_TYPE | group | Pluck type (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_HARMONIC_NUM_PARTIALS | group | Number of partials (1–64) |
+| OSCILLATOR_HARMONIC_TILT | group | Spectral tilt (-1.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_HARMONIC_ODD_EVEN_BALANCE | group | Odd/even balance (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_HARMONIC_NORMALIZATION | group | Loudness compensation (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_HARMONIC_PARTIAL_1_LEVEL–64_LEVEL | group | Per-partial levels (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_ALGORITHM | group | FM algorithm (1–32) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_LEVEL–FM_OP6_LEVEL | group | FM operator levels (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_RATIO–FM_OP6_RATIO | group | FM operator ratios |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_FEEDBACK–FM_OP6_FEEDBACK | group | FM feedback (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_DETUNE–FM_OP6_DETUNE | group | FM detune (-7 to +7) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_MODE–FM_OP6_MODE | group | "ratio" or "fixed" |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_FIXED_FREQ–FM_OP6_FIXED_FREQ | group | Fixed frequency (Hz) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_VELOCITY_SENSITIVITY–FM_OP6_VELOCITY_SENSITIVITY | group | Velocity response (0–7) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_ATTACK–FM_OP6_ATTACK | group | Per-operator attack (0–45 seconds) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_DECAY–FM_OP6_DECAY | group | Per-operator decay (0–45 seconds) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_SUSTAIN–FM_OP6_SUSTAIN | group | Per-operator sustain (0.0–1.0) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_RELEASE–FM_OP6_RELEASE | group | Per-operator release (0–45 seconds) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_EG_TYPE–FM_OP6_EG_TYPE | group | "adsr" or "dx7" |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_EG_RATE1–FM_OP6_EG_RATE4 | group | DX7 rates (0–99) |
+| OSCILLATOR_FM_OP1_EG_LEVEL1–FM_OP6_EG_LEVEL4 | group | DX7 levels (0–99) |
+| ALL_NOTES_OFF | instrument | Stop all notes (true) |
+
+**Control (type="control", level="ui"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| VALUE | Set control value |
+| TEXT | Set label text |
+| VISIBLE | Show/hide control (true/false) |
+| ENABLED | Enable/disable control (true/false) |
+| MIN_VALUE | Set minimum value |
+| MAX_VALUE | Set maximum value |
+| VALUE_TYPE | "float", "integer", "musical_time" |
+| PATH | Image/animation file path |
+| OPACITY | Image/animation opacity (0.0–1.0) |
+| FRAME_RATE | Animation frame rate (0–24) |
+| CURRENT_FRAME | Animation current frame |
+| PLAYBACK_MODE | "forward_loop", "forward_once", "reverse_loop", "reverse_once", "ping_pong_loop", "stopped" |
+| X_VALUE, Y_VALUE | XY pad values (0.0–1.0) |
+| X, Y | Rectangle/line position |
+| WIDTH, HEIGHT | Rectangle dimensions |
+| X1, Y1, X2, Y2 | Line endpoints |
+
+**Keyboard Color (type="keyboard_color", level="ui"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| ENABLED | Show/hide color (true/false) |
+| LO_NOTE | Low note range (0–127) |
+| HI_NOTE | High note range (0–127) |
+
+Requires `colorIndex` attribute (0-based index of color element in `<keyboard>`).
+
+**Tag (type="general", level="tag"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| TAG_ENABLED | Enable/disable tag (true/false) |
+| TAG_VOLUME | Tag volume (0.0–16.0) |
+| TAG_POLYPHONY | Voice limit (-1 to 127) |
+
+Requires `identifier` attribute with the tag name.
+
+**Modulator (type="modulator", level="instrument"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| MOD_AMOUNT | Modulation depth (0.0–1.0) |
+| FREQUENCY | LFO rate (0.0–22000.0 Hz) |
+| SHAPE | LFO shape ("sine", "square", "saw") |
+| MOD_DELAY_TIME | Delay before start (0.0–10000.0 seconds) |
+| TRIGGER | Reset behavior ("attack" or "none") |
+| ENV_ATTACK | Envelope attack (0.0–10.0 seconds) |
+| ENV_DECAY | Envelope decay (0.0–25.0 seconds) |
+| ENV_SUSTAIN | Envelope sustain (0.0–1.0) |
+| ENV_RELEASE | Envelope release (0.0–25.0 seconds) |
+| ENV_ATTACK_CURVE | Attack curve (-100 to 100) |
+| ENV_DECAY_CURVE | Decay curve (-100 to 100) |
+| ENV_RELEASE_CURVE | Release curve (-100 to 100) |
+
+**Note Sequence (type="note_sequence", level="instrument"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| RATE | Sequence rate (0.01–100) |
+
+**Note Sequence Binding Attributes:**
+
+| Attribute | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| seqIndex | 0-based index of sequence (required) |
+| seqLoopMode | "forward", "reverse", "random", "random_no_repeat", "no_loop" |
+| seqTriggerBehavior | "midi_key", "on", "off" |
+| seqPlayerIdentifier | String identifier for tracking sequence state |
+| seqTransposeWithRootNote | Transpose relative to incoming MIDI note (0–127) |
+| seqTrackMidiInputVelocity | Respect incoming velocity (0.0–1.0) |
+| seqPlaybackRate | Playback speed (0.001–10000) |
+| seqTranspose | Transpose in semitones (-36 to 36) |
+| seqFollowGlobalTempo | Follow DAW tempo (true/false) |
+
+**MIDI Binding Parameters:**
+
+| Parameter | Level | Description |
+|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| ENABLED | midi | Enable/disable binding |
+| SEQ_INDEX | note_binding | Change sequence index |
+| SEQ_LOOP_MODE | note_binding | Change loop mode |
+| SEQ_TRANSPOSE_WITH_ROOT_NOTE | note_binding | Change transpose setting |
+| SEQ_PLAYBACK_RATE | note_binding | Change playback rate |
+| SEQ_TRACK_MIDI_INPUT_VELOCITY | note_binding | Change velocity tracking |
+| SEQ_TRANSPOSE | note_binding | Change transpose amount |
+
+**Bus (type="amp", level="bus"):**
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| BUS_VOLUME | Bus volume (0.0–16.0) |
+| OUTPUT_1_VOLUME–OUTPUT_8_VOLUME | Output volumes (0.0–1.0) |
+| OUTPUT_1_TARGET–OUTPUT_8_TARGET | Output routing targets |
+
+### Translation Modes
+
+**linear:** Maps input range to output range.
+```xml
+translation="linear" translationOutputMin="0" translationOutputMax="22000"
+```
+
+**table:** Non-linear mapping with coordinate pairs.
+```xml
+translation="table" translationTable="0,33;0.3,150;0.5,1100;0.9,11000;1.0001,22000"
+```
+Format: `input,output;input,output;...`
+
+**fixed_value:** Sets a constant value.
+```xml
+translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Boilerplate Template
+
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<DecentSampler minVersion="1.0.0">
+  <ui width="812" height="375" bgColor="FF1A1A2E">
+    <tab name="main">
+      <!-- Position 0 in UI controls (0-indexed) -->
+      <labeled-knob x="445" y="75" width="90" textSize="16" textColor="FF000000"
+                    trackForegroundColor="CC000000" trackBackgroundColor="66999999"
+                    label="Attack" type="float" minValue="0.0" maxValue="4.0" value="0.01">
+        <binding type="amp" level="instrument" position="0" parameter="ENV_ATTACK"/>
+      </labeled-knob>
+      <!-- Position 1 in UI controls -->
+      <labeled-knob x="515" y="75" width="90" textSize="16" textColor="FF000000"
+                    trackForegroundColor="CC000000" trackBackgroundColor="66999999"
+                    label="Release" type="float" minValue="0.0" maxValue="20.0" value="1">
+        <binding type="amp" level="instrument" position="0" parameter="ENV_RELEASE"/>
+      </labeled-knob>
+      <!-- Position 2 in UI controls. Effect position 0 = lowpass filter -->
+      <labeled-knob x="585" y="75" width="90" textSize="16" textColor="FF000000"
+                    trackForegroundColor="CC000000" trackBackgroundColor="66999999"
+                    label="Tone" type="float" minValue="0" maxValue="1" value="1">
+        <binding type="effect" level="instrument" position="0" parameter="FX_FILTER_FREQUENCY"
+                 translation="table"
+                 translationTable="0,33;0.3,150;0.4,450;0.5,1100;0.7,4100;0.9,11000;1.0001,22000"/>
+      </labeled-knob>
+      <!-- Position 3 in UI controls. Effect position 1 = reverb -->
+      <labeled-knob x="655" y="75" width="90" textSize="16" textColor="FF000000"
+                    trackForegroundColor="CC000000" trackBackgroundColor="66999999"
+                    label="Reverb" type="percent" minValue="0" maxValue="100" value="50">
+        <binding type="effect" level="instrument" position="1"
+                 parameter="FX_REVERB_WET_LEVEL" translation="linear"
+                 translationOutputMin="0" translationOutputMax="1"/>
+      </labeled-knob>
+    </tab>
+    <keyboard/>
+  </ui>
+
+  <effects>
+    <!-- Effect position 0 -->
+    <effect type="lowpass" frequency="22000.0"/>
+    <!-- Effect position 1 -->
+    <effect type="reverb" wetLevel="0.5"/>
+  </effects>
+
+  <groups attack="0.0" decay="1.0" sustain="0.0" release="1.0" ampVelTrack="0.3">
+    <!-- Group position 0 -->
+    <group name="Main">
+      <sample path="Samples/YourSample.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+    </group>
+  </groups>
+
+  <midi>
+    <cc number="1">
+      <!-- CC1 (Mod Wheel) controls the Tone knob (UI position 2) -->
+      <binding level="ui" type="control" position="2" parameter="VALUE"
+               translation="linear" translationOutputMin="0" translationOutputMax="1"/>
+    </cc>
+  </midi>
+</DecentSampler>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Keyswitches
+
+```xml
+<midi>
+  <note note="11" eventType="note_on">
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="0" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"/>
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="1" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="false"/>
+  </note>
+  <note note="12" eventType="note_on">
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="0" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="false"/>
+    <binding type="general" level="group" position="1" parameter="ENABLED"
+             translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"/>
+  </note>
+</midi>
+```
+
+### MPE Support
+
+```xml
+<modulators>
+  <mpeTimbre scope="voice" fallingSmoothingTime="20" risingSmoothingTime="20">
+    <binding type="effect" level="group" groupIndex="0" effectIndex="0"
+             parameter="FX_FILTER_FREQUENCY" modBehavior="add"
+             translation="table"
+             translationTable="0,33;0.3,150;0.5,1100;0.9,11000;1.0001,22000"/>
+  </mpeTimbre>
+  <mpePressure scope="voice" fallingSmoothingTime="20" risingSmoothingTime="20">
+    <binding type="amp" level="group" groupIndex="0" parameter="AMP_VOLUME"
+             modBehavior="set" translation="linear"
+             translationOutputMin="0.5" translationOutputMax="1"/>
+  </mpePressure>
+</modulators>
+```
+
+### Tempo-Synced Delay
+
+```xml
+<ui>
+  <tab>
+    <labeled-knob x="180" y="40" label="Delay Time" valueType="musical_time"
+                  minValue="0" maxValue="20" value="10">
+      <binding type="effect" level="instrument" position="0" parameter="FX_DELAY_TIME"/>
+    </labeled-knob>
+  </tab>
+</ui>
+<effects>
+  <effect type="delay" delayTimeFormat="musical_time" delayTime="10"
+          stereoOffset="0.01" feedback="0.3" wetLevel="0.5"/>
+</effects>
+```
+
+### Reverb Send Bus
+
+```xml
+<buses>
+  <bus busVolume="1.0" output1Target="MAIN_OUTPUT" output1Volume="1.0">
+    <effects>
+      <effect type="reverb" wetLevel="1"/>
+    </effects>
+  </bus>
+</buses>
+<groups>
+  <group output1Target="MAIN_OUTPUT" output1Volume="0.0"
+         output2Target="BUS_1" output2Volume="0.2">
+    <sample path="Samples/Piano.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+### Wavetable Scanning
+
+```xml
+<groups>
+  <group tags="wt" wavetablePosition="0.5">
+    <oscillator waveform="wavetable" wavetableFile="Wavetables/MyWavetable.wav"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+<ui>
+  <tab>
+    <labeled-knob x="10" y="20" width="90" label="Position" type="float"
+                  minValue="0" maxValue="1" value="0.5">
+      <binding type="general" level="group" tags="wt"
+               parameter="OSCILLATOR_WAVETABLE_POSITION"
+               translation="linear" translationOutputMin="0.0" translationOutputMax="1.0"/>
+    </labeled-knob>
+  </tab>
+</ui>
+```
+
+### FM6 Synthesis
+
+```xml
+<groups>
+  <group fmAlgorithm="5"
+         fmOp1Ratio="1.0" fmOp1Level="1.0"
+         fmOp2Ratio="2.0" fmOp2Level="0.7"
+         fmOp3Ratio="1.0" fmOp3Level="1.0"
+         fmOp4Ratio="7.0" fmOp4Level="0.5"
+         fmOp5Ratio="1.0" fmOp5Level="1.0"
+         fmOp6Ratio="14.0" fmOp6Level="0.4">
+    <oscillator waveform="fm6op"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+### Monophonic Lead with Portamento
+
+```xml
+<tags>
+  <tag name="osc1" polyphony="1"/>
+</tags>
+<groups glideTime="0.3" glideMode="legato">
+  <group tags="osc1">
+    <oscillator waveform="saw"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+### True Legato (3-Group Pattern)
+
+```xml
+<groups>
+  <!-- Initial sustain: plays on first note -->
+  <group trigger="first" tags="sustain" silencedByTags="legato"
+         silencingMode="normal" release="0.3">
+    <sample path="Samples/Sustain.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+  </group>
+  
+  <!-- Legato transitions: plays when notes overlap -->
+  <group trigger="legato" tags="legato" silencedByTags="legato"
+         silencingMode="normal" attack="0.1">
+    <sample path="Samples/Legato_C3_D3.wav" rootNote="62" loNote="62" hiNote="62"
+            start="43000" previousNotes="60"/>
+    <sample path="Samples/Legato_D3_E3.wav" rootNote="64" loNote="64" hiNote="64"
+            start="43000" previousNotes="62"/>
+  </group>
+  
+  <!-- Optional: second sustain after legato -->
+  <group trigger="legato" tags="legato-tails" silencedByTags="legato-tails"
+         attack="0.3" silencingMode="normal" release="0.3">
+    <sample path="Samples/Sustain.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+
+<tags>
+  <tag name="sustain" polyphony="1"/>
+  <tag name="legato" polyphony="1"/>
+  <tag name="legato-tails" polyphony="1"/>
+</tags>
+```
+
+### Drum Voice Muting
+
+```xml
+<groups>
+  <group tags="hihat" silencedByTags="hihat" silencingMode="fast">
+    <sample path="Samples/HiHat.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="60" hiNote="60"/>
+  </group>
+  <group tags="hihat-open" silencedByTags="hihat" silencingDecay="0.02">
+    <sample path="Samples/HiHatOpen.wav" rootNote="61" loNote="61" hiNote="61"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+### Tags Control (Mic-Level Knobs)
+
+```xml
+<tags>
+  <tag name="mic1" volume="1"/>
+  <tag name="mic2" volume="1"/>
+</tags>
+<groups>
+  <group tags="note">
+    <sample tags="mic1" path="Samples/Mic1.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+    <sample tags="mic2" path="Samples/Mic2.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="0" hiNote="127"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+<ui>
+  <tab>
+    <control x="246" y="115" parameterName="MIC 1" style="linear_bar_vertical"
+             type="float" minValue="0" maxValue="100" value="60" width="20" height="70">
+      <binding type="amp" level="tag" identifier="mic1" parameter="AMP_VOLUME"/>
+    </control>
+    <control x="346" y="115" parameterName="MIC 2" style="linear_bar_vertical"
+             type="float" minValue="0" maxValue="100" value="60" width="20" height="70">
+      <binding type="amp" level="tag" identifier="mic2" parameter="AMP_VOLUME"/>
+    </control>
+  </tab>
+</ui>
+```
+
+### Waveform Switching via Menu
+
+```xml
+<ui>
+  <tab>
+    <menu x="10" y="70" width="150" height="30" value="1">
+      <option name="Sine">
+        <binding type="general" level="group" position="0"
+                 parameter="OSCILLATOR_WAVEFORM"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="sine"/>
+      </option>
+      <option name="Saw">
+        <binding type="general" level="group" position="0"
+                 parameter="OSCILLATOR_WAVEFORM"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="saw"/>
+      </option>
+      <option name="Square">
+        <binding type="general" level="group" position="0"
+                 parameter="OSCILLATOR_WAVEFORM"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="square"/>
+      </option>
+    </menu>
+  </tab>
+</ui>
+<groups>
+  <group>
+    <oscillator waveform="sine"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+### Wavetable Selector (TAG_ENABLED Pattern)
+
+```xml
+<ui>
+  <tab>
+    <menu x="20" y="68" width="220" height="26" value="1">
+      <option name="Growl 01">
+        <binding type="amp" level="tag" identifier="growl" parameter="TAG_ENABLED"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"/>
+        <binding type="amp" level="tag" identifier="fm" parameter="TAG_ENABLED"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="false"/>
+      </option>
+      <option name="FM 01">
+        <binding type="amp" level="tag" identifier="growl" parameter="TAG_ENABLED"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="false"/>
+        <binding type="amp" level="tag" identifier="fm" parameter="TAG_ENABLED"
+                 translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true"/>
+      </option>
+    </menu>
+  </tab>
+</ui>
+<groups>
+  <group tags="growl">
+    <oscillator waveform="wavetable" wavetableFile="Wavetables/Growl.wav" randomPhase="true"/>
+  </group>
+  <group tags="fm" enabled="false">
+    <oscillator waveform="wavetable" wavetableFile="Wavetables/FM.wav" randomPhase="true"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+### CC-Triggered Samples (Piano Pedal)
+
+```xml
+<groups>
+  <group>
+    <sample path="Samples/PedalUp.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="60" hiNote="60"
+            onLoCC64="0" onHiCC64="63"/>
+    <sample path="Samples/PedalDown.wav" rootNote="60" loNote="60" hiNote="60"
+            onLoCC64="90" onHiCC64="127"/>
+  </group>
+</groups>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Validation & Cleanup Rules
+
+1. **XML declaration required:** Always start with `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>`
+2. **Path case sensitivity:** File paths are case-sensitive on Linux. Validate with DecentSampler's Developer Tools > Validate Preset.
+3. **Group-level effects:** Only lowpass, highpass, bandpass, gain, chorus work at group level. Delay and reverb will be deleted before their tail ends.
+4. **minVersion for oscillators:** Use minVersion="1.15.0" or higher for oscillator features. Use 1.19.0 for wavetable features.
+5. **Menu indices are 1-based:** `value="1"` selects the first option.
+6. **Binding positions are 0-based:** First group = position 0, first effect = position 0.
+7. **Effect tags over indices:** Prefer `tags` and `effectTags` over numeric indices for resilience against reorderings.
+8. **Empty elements:** `<effects/>`, `<midi/>`, `<tags/>`, `<buses/>`, `<modulators/>`, `<noteSequences/>` are valid when empty.
+9. **Sample paths relative:** All paths are relative to the .dspreset file location.
+10. **Verify referenced files:** Ensure all sample, image, wavetable, and IR files exist at the specified paths.
+11. **`lowpass_4pl` is legacy:** Use `lowpass` instead of `lowpass_4pl` for new presets; `lowpass_4pl` is a legacy alias and functionally identical.
+
+---
+
+## Examples Directory Reference
+
+The `DecentSampler-Sample-Library-Examples/` directory contains working examples for every feature:
+
+| Directory | Feature |
+|-----------|---------|
+| example-001-boilerplate | Minimal starting preset |
+| example-002-how-to-make-buttons | Text and image buttons |
+| example-003-how-to-use-convolution-reverb | Convolution IR effects |
+| example-004-wave-shaper-and-wave-folder | Distortion effects |
+| example-005-how-to-code-tempo-synced-delay | Musical time delay |
+| example-006-working-with-note-sequences | Step sequencer |
+| example-007-how-to-code-lfos-and-envelopes | All modulator types |
+| example-008-adjusting-sample-loop-parameters-with-knobs | Loop control |
+| example-009-how-to-use-the-xy-pad-ui-control | XY pad control |
+| example-010-how-to-use-audio-buses-and-external-outputs | Bus routing |
+| example-011-how-to-use-animations | Multi-frame animations |
+| example-012-mpe | MPE timbre/pressure |
+| example-013-controlling-velocity-sensitivity | Velocity and polyphony |
+| example-014-effects | Pitch shift and other effects |
+| example-015-how-to-using-continuous-background-sounds | Looping background audio |
+| example-016-drawing-with-lines-and-rectangles | UI drawing primitives |
+| example-017-oscillators | Wavetable, FM6, pluck, harmonic |
-- 
2.54.0